Teaching, Learning, and Facilitation

If luck is the residue of design, it is no coincidence that Nebraska Wesleyan University has produced 21 Fulbright and one Rhodes Scholar since 2000. This “little college on the prairie,” as one professor calls it, does not leave these matters to chance. There is a national prestige scholarship adviser as well as a Fulbright program adviser who, along with a cadre of like-minded faculty colleagues, scout for talent in freshman seminars. They groom these students, ship them off to Washington for internships, and lead them on service and education abroad trips to Sri Lanka, Swaziland, and Panama—experiences that often provide fodder for the essays these young Nebraskans write for their Fulbright applications. Faculty help protégés polish those essays—one of the 2008 winners went through 20 drafts.

Nebraska Wesleyan pushes its faculty out into the world, too. It has a sabbatical policy that may be unique: faculty receive two-thirds salary on sabbaticals in the United States, but 100 percent if they spend that year in another country. “I know of no other place that does that,” said President Frederik Ohles.

Methodist leaders founded the liberal arts school a few miles from the state capital in Lincoln, Nebraska, in 1887, envisioning that it might grow as did another Methodist institution, Northwestern University, outside Chicago. Within a year they had erected the imposing, Colorado red stone and brick landmark known as Old Main. But “Nebraska didn’t develop quite like Illinois did,” said President Emeritus John White. It remained a primarily undergraduate college on a 50-acre campus tucked into Lincoln’s quaint University Place neighborhood, across town from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, with almost as many international students (1,500) as NWU has undergraduates (1,600) in 2007. Nebraska Wesleyan, which remains affiliated with the United Methodist Church, also has 200 graduate students pursuing master’s degrees in nursing, forensic science, and historical studies. Though the college has gone through several mascots—the Sunflowers, Coyotes, Plainsmen, and now the Prairie Wolves—its brown and gold colors have remained constant. 

When it comes to internationalization, NWU is an overachiever. “I suppose we don’t have some of the bells and whistles and amenities that we might have if we were a wealthy college,” said Ohles. “We make terrifically good use of all the resources we have. The faculty here are very busy. They’re teaching four courses per semester... The Great Plains go-getit done  mentality is alive and well in Nebraska Wesleyan.” That mentality explains how political scientist Robert Oberst and a few colleagues won approval for an interdisciplinary Global Studies program in the early 1980s. Global Studies made it through only because “it didn’t cost any money. Everything had to be done by the seat of our pants,” said Oberst. He has led NWU students on numerous education abroad trips to South Asia and taught at both Peradeniya University in Sri Lanka as well as Cairo University, where he was a Fulbright lecturer. In its heyday Global Studies attracted 20 majors, although today it draws more minors than majors. Laura Reitel, an exchange student from the University of Tartu in Tallinn, Estonia, put Oberst at the top of her list of favorite professors. If possible, she said, “I would just stick him in my pocket and take him back home and show him to others. Our professors are not that amusing or anything like him.”

Fulbright Factory

If Nebraska Wesleyan has gained something of a reputation as a Fulbright factory, it is due to the efforts of such faculty as Oberst, Kelly Eaton, Gerise Herndon, and Elaine Kruse. Eaton, chair of the Department of Political Science and Nebraska’s Professor of the Year in 2003, said, “It is really the long-term nurturing and advising that produces the results in the end.” Eaton is the National Prestige Scholarship adviser. She worked closely with Xuan-Trang Thi Ho, who in 2006 won the second Rhodes Scholarship in NWU’s history. Eaton, who spent the past two years on sabbatical and then on leave teaching at the Johns Hopkins University-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies in China, said at first the efforts to groom national scholarship winners were the work of a handful of faculty, but now “we have faculty in many departments helping us to identify [prospects]. Personally, I begin to identify students as early as the freshman year, if possible. It is quite empowering for students to learn that their professors think they have so much potential. If you raise the bar and help the students to reach the bar, you can have great results.”

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The Fulbright numbers grew geometrically after Gerise Herndon, professor of English and director of the Gender Studies program, became that program’s adviser in 2000. Plaques in the lobby of the Smith-Curtis Classroom-Administration Building list the winners’ names down through the years—two Fulbrighters in both the 1970s and 1980s, a half-dozen in the 1990s, then 21 in this decade, including four in 2008. “It’s exciting to watch when you see the students come in from tiny towns or rural areas. They’re sheltered and kind of scared; they’re not big risk takers. Some of the parents are shy about the whole study abroad thing,” said Herndon. “Because this is a small school, you have the same students in several classes, and by the time they’re seniors, this amazing growth has taken place.” Herndon enlists “hard graders” to critique the students’ Fulbright applications. “Generally at our university we try to balance challenge and support, but we do not hold back on the Fulbright committee and some of the other scholarship committees,” she said. “We tell students, ‘Look, if you’re going to be competitive with the students from Duke and Johns Hopkins, you must do better than this.’ We probably scare them a little bit, but they rise to the occasion.”

Professor and Chair of the Department of History Elaine Kruse has also been a pioneer and pacesetter for international research and study. A scholar of French culture and mores in pre- and revolutionary France, Kruse just returned from her third sabbatical in Paris. She was the first professor to avail herself in 1992-93 of the then-newly adopted policy of keeping faculty on full salary if they took their sabbatical overseas. “What a difference this has made. Faculty members from disciplines as diverse as physics, business, and music opted to live abroad for a year, and when they returned they introduced international content into their courses.” When Kruse joined the faculty in 1985, “few students were studying abroad and even fewer faculty were taking sabbaticals abroad,” she said. The full-pay policy for sabbaticals abroad as well as the Global Studies program and a revised core curriculum called Preparing for Global Citizenship helped change the campus culture, she added. “It livens things up,” she said, and turns students “from small-town America [into] sophisticated global citizens.” In the early 1990s, about 14 students spent a semester or year abroad. In 2006-07, 51 students studied abroad for at least a semester, and dozens more took shorter trips with their professors in January or the summer.

“Faculty members from…physics, business, and music opted to live abroad for a year, and... introduced international content into their courses.”

Kruse always puts out the welcome mat during her Paris sabbaticals, becoming a “pied piper” for the international sabbatical program. “Initially people were reluctant to go to countries where they did not speak the language. But now we’ve got people coming back from Bulgaria, Turkey, and Thailand. One of our physics professors went to the Netherlands and got involved in an international project on using the bicycle to teach physics,” she said. 

When English Professor Rick Cypert visited Kruse in the City of Light, “she was having such a wonderful time I thought, ‘My gosh! This is what I’ve got to do.” Cypert, a Texan who specializes in language theory and the history of rhetoric, took his sabbatical in Athens, immersing himself in modern as well as ancient Greece. On returning, he created a popular course on modern Greek culture and life, taught a freshman seminar on Greek mythology, and now chairs Global Studies—and speaks Greek.

Grants to Develop International Courses

The push to make Nebraska Wesleyan more international began during John White’s two decades as president (1977-97). White was a former English professor and an inveterate traveler who led numerous alumni trips to Greece and one to China during his tenure. He also personally negotiated an exchange of faculty and students with Kwansei Gakuin University in Nishinomiya, Japan. More than 90 percent of NWU students come from Nebraska; it enrolled just 33 international students in 2007. “If you’re a school in the middle of the country, so far from salt water, the need for a broader perspective just jumps out at you,” the 74-year-old White explained in an interview. “That’s why I pushed the international perspective.” White was both a builder and successful fund-raiser; enrollment and the college’s prestige both grew on his watch. To pay for the international sabbaticals, White said, “We just built it into the budget.” An endowment set up in White’s honor upon his retirement continues to support the internationalization. In addition to providing funds for international programming on campus, including concerts, film festivals, and language immersion weekends, the White Endowment provides grants for faculty to travel abroad to develop new courses. Fifty-three such grants have been awarded, resulting in such courses as Tropical Biology of Belize, Introduction to the Culture of Thailand, and Contemporary India. The latter was the creation of Joyce Michaelis, an adventurous professor of Spanish, who spent one summer and semester in Hyderabad, India, after her daughter and son-in-law were transferred there by their employer, a U.S.-based multinational. Michaelis also turned earlier overseas trips into classes on the culture of Cuba and Spain. Teaching at NWU since 1966, she said, “The international aspect has added tremendous vitality to my curricula. It keeps me alive.”

The sabbatical policy was first recommended by a task force that began exploring in the late 1980s how to internationalize NWU. Then-Provost Janet Rasmussen, a Scandinavian literature specialist, was intent on finding ways to open the campus to the world. Initially there was little money to carry out their plans, but the blueprint was ready when the financial situation improved, said Georgianne Mastera, a longtime associate vice president for Academic Affairs who retired this spring after a stint as interim provost.

President Ohles called the international sabbatical policy “an important dynamo for what we’ve achieved with global perspective and global activity.” Ohles himself needed no convincing about the importance of international education when he was named in 2007 as Nebraska Wesleyan’s 16th president. A historian, he was senior vice president of the Council of Independent Colleges and once worked on the Fulbright Program for the Council for International Exchange of Scholars. As a graduate student, he spent two years researching the censorship of early nineteenth century Germany, living for much of that time on a pig farm outside Marburg. “I spent my days in archives reading dusty police documents from the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s, and my evenings watching German sitcoms in Bavarian dialect with my farm hosts,” said Ohles, who still calls the family each Christmas. He met his wife, who is Malaysian, at the International House at the University of Melbourne in Australia, where she was an international student and he a visiting professor. “You can read all the newspapers and take all the courses you want; it really is the ambience, the surroundings, the people that make a difference... [and] open one’s mind to the differences in the world,” he said.

One of the tasks that Ohles sees before him is to raise new sources of revenue, in part to further such international ambitions as a Global Service Learning program that allows students to work on service projects helping the poor in places as distant as Vietnam and Swaziland. They spend part of their summer break building latrines in poor villages, volunteering in hospices, and working with AIDS orphans. The same group of 10 to 15 students— chosen from a wider pool of applicants—works on service projects in the Lincoln area throughout the year and travels over winter break to help in an impoverished U.S. community. “That whole activity is largely student driven. It’s very impressive,” said Ohles. “I’d like to see us find a way to invest more in Global Service Learning. I think it deserves more attention and more support by me and by friends of the university.”

The international Global Service Learning (GSL) trips can cost as much as $2,000 per student, but students pay just $600. They are funded largely by the university’s Wolf Fund for Diversity Education (up to $12,000 annually) and by the Student Affairs Senate funding generated by the student activity fee (from $6,500 to $10,000, depending on the cost of the trip); the White Endowment also kicks in $1,000 each year. Janelle Schutte Andreini, the interim director of the Career and Counseling Center, and Reverend Pauletta Lehn, campus minister, lead the trips and organize the “community conversations” when the students return from overseas projects. “It’s an intentional way to bring to the campus what we’ve learned,” said Andreini, an alumna. “Any time you do service somewhere, you take away more than you leave.” About 50 students apply each year for the GSL program, which accepts 3–5, depending on how many GSL members graduate. Students who are not selected are welcome to join the group on local service projects, and there is room for 18 students on the national service trip over winter break.

Director of International Education Inger Bull regards the addition of service learning as the “most exciting and most encouraging movement in study abroad,” not just at NWU but nationally. Bull and Joyce Michaelis, the Spanish professor, are mapping plans for a summer 2009 trip to Peru that will include two weeks of travel to the country’s major cultural sites and a third week devoted to service, helping villagers living in the steep hillsides outside Cusco and the Sacred Valley of the Incas. Trips like this ensure that even on short stays abroad, “students get the opportunity to see all levels of the society and to help out in some small way,” said Bull.

Unafraid of Learning Languages

Spanish is the main draw in the Department of Modern Languages, which offers majors in Spanish, French, and German, and a minor in Japanese. Students must take two semesters of language. Some students are inspired to sign up for a second language after returning from abroad, said Department Chair JoAnn Fuess. “They are not afraid of learning languages anymore.” Yuko Yamada, an assistant professor, had 45 students in three Japanese classes, and NWU sent four exchange students to Kwansei Gakuin University, its sister school. Education abroad veterans “are spreading the ‘gospel’ to their roommates and friends,” said Fuess, and those friends are “saying to themselves, ‘Maybe I’d like a little piece of that as well.’” Ninety-three students studied abroad in 2006-07, and 23 took noncredit trips led by university faculty and staff.

Amanda Godemann, 21, of Lincoln, a senior global studies major, spent spring 2007 at Thammasat University in Bangkok, Thailand, taking Thai language and classes taught in English to international students. She extended her stay through the summer to enroll in intensive Thai at a second university. She had visited both Thailand and India once before with an uncle “and fell in love with that part of the world.” Now her ambition is to work on development in Southeast Asia.

Senior Scott Lloyd, 22, of Lincoln, a political science major and Japanese minor, studied at Kwansei Gakuin University and also went on one of Oberst’s trips to India and Sri Lanka. NWU hammers home the education abroad message as soon as freshmen arrive, said Lloyd. “Everyone is aware of it.”

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Evan Knight, 22, of Lewellen, Nebraska, spent this past summer taking intensive Arabic courses in Tunisia after winning one of the U.S. State Department’s Critical Language Scholarships. He will graduate from NWU in December with majors in Spanish and history and a minor in French. Knight also studied in Spain for a semester and has a deep interest in the culture and history of Moorish Spain. Love for Spanish runs in the Knight family. One sister is a high school Spanish teacher, a second is a Spanish interpreter for a Nebraska health department, and his youngest sibling is an NWU freshman, double majoring in Spanish and French. Knight said his parents speak no other languages “and never pushed us. My sisters and I all just fell in love with languages in high school. Once we got to college, we began to realize what the ability to speak a second or third language meant, and this whole new world of opportunities opened to us.” 

“Education abroad veterans ‘are spreading the ‘gospel’ to their roommates and friends’…”

Professor of Library Information Technology Janet Lu, a native of Shanghai who grew up in Taiwan, has helped bring Chinese culture to campus and to Lincoln for nearly three decades. When Lu and her husband, a University of Nebraska-Lincoln professor of mechanical engineering, arrived in the Nebraska capital in 1979, “we were one of the very few Chinese families in town. In the old days, there were no soy beans or soy sauce in the grocery,” she said. They would order 100-pound bags of soybeans from San Francisco for five families to share. 

Lincoln became a resettlement community for Vietnamese refugees in the early 1990s; XuanTrang Thi Ho, the Rhodes Scholar, was one of those refugees. “Lincoln is becoming a more diversified city than ever before. Wesleyan has come a long way, too,” said Lu, a founder of the Lincoln Chinese Cultural Association who retired this spring. Today Lincoln has two schools where parents send their children to learn the language and culture on Saturdays.

Ho, who just completed a master of philosophy degree in Latin American studies at Oxford, was a political science and Spanish major at NWU who took part in several global service learning trips, studied in Argentina, and spent a semester in Washington in the university’s Capitol Hill Internship Program (CHIP), which places students in federal and international agencies. The experiences helped when it came time to apply for the Rhodes. “I was extremely fortunate to be surrounded by numerous professors and staff who were always available to help me,” she said by e-mail from Oxford. “For the Rhodes, I needed eight letters of recommendation and they happily agreed to write me very positive letters. Professors read and critiqued my essays/ statements many times, and Dr. Eaton set up two mock interviews with people who played devil’s advocates to ‘grill’ me before the Rhodes. They were an invaluable asset in the process.”

Junior Desereé Johnston this spring became the fourth Nebraska Wesleyan student to win a  Truman Scholarship for graduate school. The Truman Foundation selects students with strong leadership potential who intend to pursue careers in government or other public service. Johnston, who wants to work on international development, grew up on a 7,000-acre farm outside Orchard, Nebraska (pop. 391), but her upbringing was far from isolated. Her parents would pull her out of school each February—when the farm season allowed—and take her on two- and three-week trips to Europe, China, Russia, Egypt, and other destinations. School officials were miffed, “but you learn so much when you travel,” she said.

Support for International Students

Inger Bull has directed Nebraska Wesleyan’s international education office for the past decade. She also teaches the optional one-credit courses that help U.S. students prepare for education abroad and, afterward, write essays to make sense of their experiences (Professor of History Kruse customarily works with Bull on the latter). The university doubled the size of the office in 2005 by hiring Yoko Iwasaki-Zink, a 2000 alumna from Japan, as the international student adviser. Although only a few dozen international students are enrolled on campus each year, the ones who make it to Lincoln can count on strong support from Bull, Iwasaki-Zink, and faculty. “A lot of big schools lament the fact that they can never get their U.S. students to integrate with the internationals and vice versa. That’s easy for us because they see each other every day in our office. Many of our Nebraska students have studied abroad because of international students they have met,” Bull said. Most of the international students attending classes on the Lincoln campus are on one-semester or full-year exchanges from partner universities in the International Student Exchange Program (ISEP) network, or on bilateral exchanges from Kwansei Gakuin University, the University of Tartu in Estonia, or Tec de Monterrey in Querétaro, Mexico.

Iwasaki-Zink spent four years on campus earning her bachelor’s degree. She had already earned an associate’s degree and worked as an administrative assistant for a Japanese company before coming to Lincoln in 1996. Iwasaki-Zink understands what students from Europe, Japan, Korea, Azerbaijan, Vietnam, Mexico, Ecuador, and elsewhere go through in adjusting to life on a U.S. campus. “I think their experience is, in fact, the same experience I had. They’re very happy when they arrive; they’re very excited. One month later, they’re kind of overwhelmed by classes and homework. Some students struggle with homesickness,” she said. On that score, technology has made life easier because today’s students can easily keep in touch with family and friends by e-mail and Skype. “Technology has helped them a lot. When I was a student, there was no Facebook,” she said.

Thao Nguyen, 20, a junior from Hanoi, Vietnam, is one of the exceptions among the international students in that he will spend four years at Nebraska Wesleyan earning a bachelor’s degree in mathematics and economics. He attended an international high school in Vietnam, where instruction was entirely in English. Though he had visited the United States for an international student conference, he found NWU by searching online. “The Midwest sounded like something new, and Wesleyan gave me a good scholarship,” he said. The weather was colder than he expected, but Nguyen found the Americans “very friendly” and he welcomes the diversity of NWU’s small band of international students.

Georgianne Mastera, the now retired academic administrator, remembers two decades ago when there was no international education director or office, and an assistant provost with other responsibilities oversaw the institution’s few opportunities for education and research abroad. It is still “not a huge office, but when you compare the transition from that very fraction of an administrator to where we are now, it’s a dramatic change in a small institution,” she said.

The emphasis on imparting a global perspective to students’ education “has made a tremendous difference to our campus,” said Mastera, a former business administration professor. It shows that “when you set a kind of fertile environment in which people have the opportunity to have international experiences, to address international issues, to learn languages, to engage in broadening experiences, great things can happen.”

The boxer rebellion against foreign influence ended a century ago with Russian, Japanese, and western forces occupying beijing and forcing China’s imperial government to pay reparations. The United States was due a minor share for its supporting role in quashing the rebellion.

Edmund J . James, president of the University of Illinois, saw an opportunity to draw something positive for China out of the  bitter potion of defeat . He led the way in convincing President Theodore Roosevelt to use the compensation for an altruistic purpose: bringing Chinese students to the United States to pursue higher education .

Hundreds of those young scholars ultimately earned degrees on the Urbana-Champaign campus, and Britain also used its reparations for scholarships . The same funds were used to build a preparatory school in Beijing called Tsinghua College—forerunner to Tsinghua University, now one of the world’s greatest institutions of higher education with a campus modeled after Illinois’s famous Quad . Tsinghua weathered hard times during World War II and the Cultural Revolution, but when China reopened to the world, “we engaged quickly to rebuild that relationship,” said Jesse G . Delia, executive director of Illinois’s International Research Relations . Today, nearly 1,000 of the 5,685 international students on the Illinois campus hail from the People’s Republic of China . 

International roots run deep at Illinois’s flagship campus, which began operations in 1867—five years after the Morrill Act—as Illinois Industrial University. Its first president, John Milton Gregory, described it as “West Point for the working world.” By 1908 it became an early member of the Association of American Universities. Today it keeps an international profile that few institutions can match, with eight federally funded Title VI National Resource Centers: African Studies; European Union Studies; East Asian and Pacific Studies; South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies; Latin American and Caribbean Studies; Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies; Global Studies; and a CIBER (international business center) in the business school. Only the University of Washington and the University of Wisconsin-Madison have more. It ranks fourth among U.S. universities in international student enrollment (the only ones with more—the University of Southern California, Columbia University, and New York University—are private), and fifth in the number of students who study abroad—more than 2,000 each year. Chancellor Richard Herman hopes to double that number by 2012 as part of his dream of making the University of Illinois “the world’s preeminent institution in international education, research, and service.”

In some respects that ambition means going back to the future, for Illinois professors were deeply engaged in international education projects spanning the globe in the 1950s and 1960s when, with the help of the Marshall Plan and later with U.S. Agency for International Development grants, they helped design and build agricultural colleges and institutes of technology across Asia, Africa, and South America. Their credits include India’s first Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and the G.B. Pant Institute of Agriculture and Technology in Uttar Pradesh, as well as the College of Agricultural Engineering, Jabalpur, in Madhya Pradesh. Illinois faculty helped Pakistan open its first agricultural school at the University of Peshawar (now the autonomous Agricultural University, Peshawar), and were there at the creation of Egerton Agricultural College (now Egerton University) in Kenya.

“We weren’t alone, but that was all led by this institution,” said Herman, a mathematician who sits on the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. “We have a rich international history and an enormous base on which to build.” On a 2007 visit to Brazil, Chancellor Herman was pleased to learn that a celebrated Illinois dean of agriculture, Eugene Davenport, played a role in establishing the Escola Superior de Agricultura or Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) in Piracicaba in the 1890s. 

The Work of Many Colleges

The tapestry of international programs and activities at Illinois reflects the work of many faculty and colleges. Associate Provost for International Affairs William I. Brustein noted, “As with many U.S. universities, a centralized office for international programs and studies emerged relatively late. Consequently, much of the international activity was carried out by the colleges and schools within the university,” such as the College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Science (ACES) and the College of Engineering. Many University of Illinois colleges operate their own study/education abroad offices in addition to the campus-wide office.

Brustein, a sociologist and authority on the Holocaust and Nazi Germany, assumed the leadership of the office of International Programs and Studies (IPS) in 2007 after heading international studies at the University of Pittsburgh. The three-story International Studies Building, a short walk from the much-photographed Quad, houses most of Illinois’s area studies centers, as well as the IPS director’s office, the study abroad office, and services handling international visitors and institutional collaborations. Brustein, immediate past president of the Association of International Education Administrators (AIEA), observed, “The challenges for a central office in a decentralized environment are to reinforce the positive initiatives taking place within the colleges and schools, establish bridges or synergies among the colleges, internationalize those less engaged colleges, eliminate redundancies in the system, ensure compliance with campus and governmental policies, and bring to the campus new international education opportunities.” One of his first steps was to create a campus-wide International Advisory Council composed of the senior administrators from each college with responsibility for international programs. Brustein chairs the council, which advises him on college-level initiatives and serves as a sounding board for new ideas.

Illinois’s international reputation was bolstered over the years by breakthroughs in computer science and the natural sciences, as well by advances in the social sciences, such as anthropologist Oscar Lewis’s pioneering studies of poverty in Mexico.  Still, the agriculture faculty were among the most peripatetic. Forty-seven agriculture faculty spent extended periods living in India during those college-building days from 1954 to 1973. Hundreds of international students came to Urbana-Champaign for advanced agricultural degrees, and Illinois faculty were still winning multi-million-dollar contracts in the 1980s to build or expand institutions in Pakistan, Kenya, and Zambia before U.S. AID funding ended. “At the end of the Cold War, we went through kind of a drought in our international programs,” recalled Robert A. Easter, dean of ACES since 2001. The college’s office of International Agriculture was disbanded in a 1996 reorganization, although faculty such as Easter still made heavy use of their passports. Easter has lectured and consulted on swine nutrition in 27 countries, from Costa Rica to China. For a while it seemed that the institutional commitment to international activities was lagging.

That did not sit well with faculty there in the glory years of institution building. Finally a faculty committee put together a concept for what they called ACES Global Connect, a new office to coordinate and encourage agriculture faculty research and projects overseas. Since it started in 2002, “we’ve been gradually rebuilding our international engagement,” said Easter. Now, instead of leaving professors to their own devices when they head off to consult in Brazil or China, “we’re trying to be more systematic and strategic about forming alliances with other universities in different parts of the world.”

Global Connect, a small office with a modest budget (approximately $100,000 last year) provided largely by the college, is intent on helping a new generation of faculty pursue federal grants, partnerships, and other international opportunities. “We were fish out of water for a little period there. ACES Global Connect was our attempt to reinvigorate international programs in our college. We’re resource poor, but rich in passion,” said director Mary Ann Lila, a biology professor and vice president of the Global Institute for BioExploration (GIBEX).

“Even on a shoestring budget…Global Connect has become a role model for international engagement on campus...”

Global Connect launched in 2006 an Academy for Global Engagement that selects eight faculty fellows from different disciplines “for a year-long immersion in the international realm,” said Lila. They rub shoulders and exchange ideas in monthly seminars and hit the road to visit the headquarters of multinational corporations in Chicago and make the rounds of international health and development agencies in Washington. The capstone is an international trip at the end of the year where the faculty fellows collaborate on short-term research and education projects. The first group went to Mexico to explore the antidiabetic properties of certain plants. “The social scientist in the group was working on how to get Mexicans to stop drinking sodas and have more family meals together; the crop scientist was working on how to harvest these plants; and the horticulturist was making sure they don’t become invasive species,” said Lila. The fellows include someone from the University of Illinois Extension program, which now sends crop experts around the world in addition to working with farmers around the state. Illinois has 76,000 farms and is the country’s second biggest agricultural exporter. Even on a shoestring budget, Lila said, Global Connect has become a role model for international engagement on campus, and other state universities have expressed keen interest in replicating the Academy for Global Engagement fellows program. “Student and faculty exchanges, joint workshops, sabbatical leaves, and research visits as well as joint grantsmanship have sprung forth out of the (Global Connect) Academy connections,” said Lila, whose own research has taken her to Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan in search of plants that might lower cholesterol or confer other health benefits.

Growing New Interest

The international emphasis at the University of Illinois and the encouragement for education abroad produces students such as sophomore Lindsey Bruntjen, 20, of Illiopolis, Illinois, who studied in Istanbul, Turkey, on her first winter break and in Parana State in Brazil on her second. This past May, the ACES major was among 25 students in the International Business Immersion Program who went on a faculty-led class trip to see farms and factories in Belgium, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, and Germany. “I hadn’t expected to do all this. I didn’t realize how many doors would be open once I got to the university. There are so many opportunities and you just can’t say no,” said Bruntjen, whose parents grow corn and soybeans in central Illinois.

Senior Paul Kirbach, 23, of Jerseyville, Illinois, a double major in animal and crop sciences, spent a semester at Sweden’s 500-year-old Uppsala University. In a global crop production class with classmates from Eritrea, Germany, Czech Republic, and Sweden, “we were each other’s textbooks. We got into a few arguments—but we learned,” he said. Kirbach, as an editor of an  international journal for agriculture  students, also got to attend a conference in Athens, Greece.

“Farm students today appreciate the importance of the international more than some of the urban students. If their dads are listening to the daily market forecast, there’s usually a report on what’s going on with soybeans in Brazil,” said Dean Easter. Agribusinesses “tell us that they don’t want to hire somebody without international experience. If you go to work for a multinational grain trading company, you may be six months in Decatur, two years in Fargo, and then the next year in Montevideo (Uruguay) running an elevator. So you might as well just expect your career path is going to take you north and south.”

A Half-Century of Study Abroad

Agriculture isn’t the only college pushing education abroad. Eighty percent of the courses at Illinois with international content reside in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (LAS), which enrolls almost half of Illinois’s 31,000 undergraduates, said Assistant Dean Barbara HancinBhatt, the LAS director of International Programs. “We have study abroad programs that are almost 50 years old.” The college’s Global Studies Initiative infuses global topics into general education courses for 1,200 to 1,500 freshmen. They are encouraged to take three-week Global Studies courses abroad on winter break (as Bruntjen did to Turkey and Brazil). Subsidies for LAS majors bring the cost of a trip to China or Singapore as low as $1,850. Other undergraduates can study in Paris, Rome, Barcelona, or Cape Town for $2,750 (LAS majors pay $400 less). Hancin-Bhatt and husband Rakesh Bhatt, an associate professor of linguistics, lead a “Discovery Course” to Singapore for freshmen over winter break. It examines how the city-state maintains a national identity while still bolstering the Chinese, Malay, and Indian strands of its culture and neighborhoods. “A tremendous amount of learning happens on these trips. The relationships built between students and faculty are extraordinary. We have students who come up at the end of the trip and give us hugs,” said Hancin-Bhatt, who is also a linguist. LAS majors comprise half of the 2,000plus students that Illinois sends overseas each year. Doubling those numbers will take “serious curricular integration of study abroad” and more resources, she said. Study abroad must “no longer be seen as enrichment but part of the core education we do.”

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Multiple Function Partnerships

Illinois enjoys a thriving partnership with the National University of Singapore (NUS). The two universities already grant dual degrees in chemical engineering, and now they are offering joint Ph.D. programs as well. In the 18-month master’s program, Singapore and Illinois students spend a semester on each other’s campuses, then do three-month internships in both places with major corporate sponsors. The dual-degree program has spin-off benefits for the rest of the campus, including opening the door for Illinois freshmen to stay in NUS dorms on that Discovery Course to Singapore each January.           

Delia, executive director of International Research Relations and former dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, has made 14 trips to Singapore to further this relationship with NUS and with A*STAR, the government agency that funds research in Singapore. A*STAR already has built a biomedical research complex called the Biopolis and is completing the first phase of a Fusionopolis to house physical science institutes. Illinois will send engineering and computer science faculty and postdoctoral students there for extended periods to work on advanced digital technologies. It will be “as seamless a projection of activities on this campus as we can make it,” Delia said.

“For us, it presents an opportunity to globalize our brand and project our commitment to being an international research university, in a way that reinforces and adds to the strengths at home,” he said. Advances at Fusionopolis could push the frontiers of work at Illinois’s own research park south of campus, and that in turn could spur economic development in Illinois and elsewhere in the United States. “We think it’s a win-win possibility,” he said. The partnership will also prepare the next generation of Illinois scientists and business executives “for the world in which they’re going to live out their lives: one in which they will have to lead their companies and conduct their research in collaboration, negotiation, involvement with international partners.”

Relationships with China are “much more complicated,” Delia said. “The barriers to involvement and joint work are obviously higher,” including the barrier of language. Illinois has enjoyed a 20-year partnership with Tsinghua University, and recently launched a new program in which Tsinghua engineering students will come to Illinois for their fourth and fifth year of studies and graduate with both a bachelor of science and a master’s degree. Corporate partners are helping sponsor that program, too, in the belief that the graduates they hire will “support the competitiveness of our international and multinational corporations,” said Delia. The program pays the fees and provides stipends for students in exchange for a work commitment. “The next goal would be to build an American student counterpart to this,” said Delia. Illinois also provides executive leadership training for 300 to 500 Chinese business and government executives who come to Urbana-Champaign each year for short-term programs. Support from the Freeman Foundation brings up to a dozen Chinese academics and social scientists to pursue research on the Illinois campus for a year; and Illinois, home to one of the largest university libraries in the United States, runs a summer training program for Chinese librarians. All of these are “real spires of visible excellence,” said Delia.

Managing Enrollments

Eighty-seven percent of the university’s nearly 31,000 undergraduates hail from Illinois. Administrators sometimes find themselves answering questions from politicians about why the campus enrolls so many international students—5,378 in 2007, including 1,731 undergraduates. Chancellor Herman is proud that the undergraduate student body has become more international on his watch, going from 2.2 percent to 5.6 percent in 2007. “I certainly worked very hard to increase the numbers at the undergraduate level,” he said, adding that this has not come at the expense of Illinois students. Instead, the international share has grown largely by cutting back on the number of out-of-state domestic students. Keith A. Marshall, associate provost for Enrollment Management, said, “We do virtually no recruiting of international graduate students—our reputation, rankings, and excellent academic offerings do the work for us. At the undergraduate level our recruiting is modest compared with many, but has been growing each year in recent years.” Illinois gets 23,000 applications for the 7,000 places in its freshman class. Some 15,000 are offered admission and the rest turned away. Still, “we are the only state university in the Midwest still growing,” Marshall pointed out.

“Illinois students recently voted to tack $5 onto their fees each semester to raise $300,000 a year for education abroad scholarships.”

Illinois students recently voted to tack $5 onto their fees each semester to raise $300,000 a year for education abroad scholarships. Members of the Study Abroad Student Advisory Committee, with some support from the study abroad office, championed the referendum. First they went classroom by classroom, talking up the idea and soliciting signatures to put it on a referendum ballot. They also convinced the Student Senate to lower the number of signatures needed from 3,000 to 2,000.

Rory Polera, 22, a senior from Williamsburg, Virginia, said one student senator accused them of playing Robin Hood. “He told us, ‘You’re just these wealthy Chicago kids who want to go abroad and party it up. Why should everyone pay for you to go and have fun?’” he said. But the pro-fee students carried the day and the referendum passed overwhelmingly (6,347 to 2,992). The fee will sunset in three years unless students vote then to extend it. Those who object to it can get the $5 fee refunded. Much of the $900,000 generated in the meantime will go toward need-based scholarships and aid to encourage minorities to study abroad. “Students should be saluted for their generosity,” said Brustein. 

Any weakness of the U.S. dollar will only make the education abroad challenge harder for administrators such as ACES Assistant Dean Andrea B. Bohn. Rising tuition is already pressuring family budgets, and even with study abroad scholarships students still need money for airfare and other expenses, she said. “This isn’t unique to the University of Illinois, but it’s a huge challenge that we face. I’m working very closely with our Office of Advancement to get more donor support.” Bohn, who once arranged education abroad for students at the University of Hohenheim in her native Germany, tries to convince ACES students to consider semester programs, which often cost about the same as a semester in UrbanaChampaign. “It may cost $2,000 more, but we can help with a $1,000 scholarship on that,” she said. If students chose an education abroad experience instead over winter break, “it’s going to be $2,400 that you didn’t have to spend.”

Deans From Nigeria, Australia

Many on Illinois’s faculty and several senior administrators are international. The dean of the College of Engineering, Ilesanmi Adesida, still feels a debt of gratitude to the Peace Corps teachers who taught math and science in his Nigerian high school. From Lagos he went to the University of California at Berkeley for three degrees in electrical engineering. Before becoming dean in 2006, he directed Illinois’s Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory and its Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and made important discoveries on how to speed up semiconductors and microelectronics and circuits. Adesida, who became a U.S. citizen in 2002, said, “I always tell people to have an open mind, to welcome different types of people, and be open to any culture. People with open minds are magnanimous people—and you never know where you’ll end up.” It is essential for Illinois to maintain its international collaborations, he firmly believes. “There’s no way you can bottle up your knowledge,” said Adesida. “Our primary products are our students.” The path to continued U.S. prosperity is to train those “young minds to be adventurous and curious.”

Dean of Education Mary Kalantzis wasn’t looking to leave Australia when a recruiter came to Melbourne to woo her in 2006. Kalantzis, an expert on multi cultural education and literacy, said friends and colleagues told her, “You can’t go. With No Child Left Behind and all that stuff, why would you want to be an educator in America at this moment?” But a visit to UrbanaChampaign won her over. Illinois was a pacesetter in special education, including awarding the first Ph.D. in the field and the place where PLATO—one of the first computer-assisted teaching tools—was built. It also developed innovative techni ques for teaching reading and math. “It really is an extraordinary place,” said Kalantzis, who was born in Greece.

“My goal is to make sure that every single person who trains to be a teacher has some international experience,” preferably in a non-English-speaking country, she said. The experience of trying to catch a bus in an unfamiliar place or negotiating with someone who doesn’t speak English “will make them more sensitive to the differences they will face in the classroom.” She added, “The stereotypes of the narrowness and inwardness of Americans—and there are some stereotypes—have certainly been dispelled for me here living among people in this community and in this university,” she said.

Tolstoy, Gandhi Kin Connect in Urbana

For Chancellor Herman, it is imperative for Illinois to keep moving down this international road. Doubling the education abroad numbers will have the ancillary benefit of allowing Illinois to admit as many as 1,000 more transfer students, he said. “What we’re trying to do is use this globalization of our students to also serve the people in the state better.”

Recently a great, great grandson of Leo Tolstoy journeyed from Russia to speak at a campus event promoting a community-wide reading of Tolstoy’s novel, The Death of Ivan Ilyich. At the end of Vladimir Tolstoy’s talk, an Illinois professor came up to shake his hand and ask him to autograph one of his ancestor’s books. The professor was Rajmohan Gandhi—grandson of Mahatma Gandhi, the Indian pacifist and freedom crusader—who is a research professor in International Programs and Studies and directs the Global Crossroads Living-Learning Community. Herman loves the symmetry of that moment. “Imagine, the grandson of Gandhi meeting the great, great grandson of Tolstoy. Where else but at Illinois could this happen?” he asked.

Aviva Bergman’s worn yellow satchel doubles as a diary of her adventurous young life: almost every inch is covered with flag patches from the 45 countries where she has studied, volunteered, traveled, and taught.

That’s not counting Namibia, Botswana, and Korea, where the Goucher College senior spent a day or two—not long enough in her book to justify adding a patch to “my sacred bag .” The sociology major speaks Spanish, Portuguese, French, and some Bambara (picked up during a semester in Mali) . Goucher, a sylvan, 290-acre campus outside Baltimore, Maryland, is a place where Aviva found kindred spirits, and more in the making . Starting with the class of 2010, no one will graduate from Goucher without at least one stamp in their passport .

Goucher is the first traditional liberal arts college in the nation to require everyone to have an education abroad experience. President Sanford J. Ungar calls it “shameful” that more Americans don’t spend a portion of their college years studying outside the United States and says flatly, “It’s ridiculous to claim that students are educated if they have not had some international exposure.” Ungar feels he was hired in 2001 “at least in part to retrieve and enhance the college’s international character.” Goucher began in 1885 as the Woman’s College of Baltimore City and was renamed a quarter-century later for one of its founders and second president, the Reverend John Franklin Goucher, a globe-trotting educator and churchman who opened schools, colleges, missions, and hospitals across China, Japan, Korea, and India. He and his wife helped buy the land in Tokyo near the Emperor’s palace on which the Anglo-Japanese College—now Aoyama Gakuin University—was built in 1882, an early recognition “that education is necessarily a global pursuit,” as  Ungar said in a 2002 speech on the Tokyo campus.

Goucher went coed in 1986, a move that reversed declining enrollments. It was already trying to ramp up international activities in a 1995 strategic plan; a donor back then made a gift that funds study abroad scholarships for needy undergraduates. But former President Judy Mohraz, said, “Sandy’s just taken it miles farther. He’s made it a signature for the college.” Ungar arrived on campus two months before September 11, an event that convinced many American educators of the urgency of doing a better job of helping students understand the world and those opposed to Western ideals and freedoms.

Ungar admits frankly that he was also looking for something that would separate Goucher from other liberal arts colleges. “It needed something distinctive, and what better thing to distinguish it than this focus on international education?” said Ungar. He also convinced his board that it was the type of “big idea” that would attract both students and donors more than just replacing the campus library. Indeed, the mandate has been prominently featured in a major capital campaign that has allowed Goucher to build a $32 million facility called the Athenaeum that will house a café, fitness center, art gallery and performance spaces, as well as a superior library.

Building Support for the Study Abroad Mandate

The mandate—which requires students to spend at least three weeks in an approved study abroad program or internship in another country—was articulated in a sweeping 2002 strategic plan, Transcending Boundaries of the Map & the Mind. But first Ungar had to convince the faculty to actually make study abroad a requirement, and that took three full years. Some faculty were worried that the small college was rushing into this too fast and without sufficient support for the increased study abroad load. Goucher hired a fourth person for its Office of International Studies, but the burden of encouraging more students to study abroad would fall largely on the faculty. Many opt for three-week, faculty-led study trips overseas in January or the summer, and it takes a significant amount of time and planning to get both the logistics and curriculum right for such intensive courses. Still, the idea captured the fancy of the public and prospective students from the start, even before the mandate took effect for the freshmen who entered in fall 2006.

The faculty deliberated for three years before agreeing to include the education abroad requirement in a larger overhaul of Goucher’s general education requirements in 2005. And starting with the class of 2010, the college began giving every student a $1,200 voucher to partially offset the cost of studying abroad.

Robert Beachy, an associate professor of history, said, “I don’t know that anybody expected (the requirement) to come quite as soon as it did... There was a fair bit of concern about implementing this effectively.” But Beachy, whose field is German history and culture, said he’s been struck by the enthusiasm and creativity of faculty for  coming up with new education abroad offerings. “I’m impressed at the number that exists for a relatively small-size faculty. I guess if any school can do this, Goucher probably can because there really is this devoted sort of semi-selfless faculty.” Beachy, who advises eight freshmen and a dozen history majors, believes the college needs to devote more resources to faculty development and to the International Studies office. “Things need to be streamlined,” he said. “Right now it’s a little complicated sometimes figuring out how students get credits or what credits they get exactly. There aren’t enough clear policies in place.”

Some faculty questioned whether Goucher should be providing $1,200 vouchers for everybody, regardless of financial need. Eventually the college will spend almost a half-million dollars a year. But Ungar said more than three-quarters of Goucher’s financial aid is based on financial need. “We’ve cut way back on merit aid and reduced our (tuition) discount rate to 35 from 49.6 percent.” 

Ungar said that requiring study abroad was risky. “We were taking a very big plunge. What if students didn’t come? What if people didn’t like the idea?” he said. He needn’t have worried. A flood of applications has put those fears to rest. Four thousand students applied to Goucher for 2007-08, double the number seven years earlier. 

Goucher enrolled nearly 1500 undergraduates and more than 800 part-time graduate students in 2007. Goucher has rented nearby apartments to handle the overflow from campus housing. 

Even before the mandate, more than half of Goucher seniors had studied abroad by the time they graduated, and that number had  risen to 77 percent for the class of 2006 according to Open Doors figures. Some 132 members of the class of 2010 actually used their $1,200 vouchers as freshmen or sophomores. Most were expecting—and expected—to do so as juniors or seniors. Ungar said it will be several years before the results of this experiment are known.

Faculty Play a Critical Role

The most popular and common option for students to fulfill the requirement is to head off with a Goucher professor on one of the three-week intensive courses abroad that are offered during winter break and after the spring term ends. Some of these study abroad classes tied into longer coursework on campus before and/or after the overseas trip. In January and May, faculty lead students to Rio de Janeiro to learn the history of dance in Brazil; to Shanghai and Beijing to absorb Chinese history and philosophy; to Prague to explore the Czech capital’s twentieth-century journey from fascism to communism to capitalism; to Honduras where students dive in coral reefs while learning tropical marine biology; to Accra for an immersion in the arts and culture of Ghana and West Africa.

Still, a sizable minority of Goucher students study abroad for a full semester, an option that has been growing in popularity. And with support from a U.S. Department of Education grant, Goucher has developed several courses that are team taught by language and content experts for seven weeks in the fall, then three weeks overseas, and seven more weeks back on campus. They have ranged from peace studies in Spain, to theater in Paris, and to multicultural education in Costa Rica.

“Those last seven weeks were paradise for me,” said Isabel Moreno-Lopez, assistant professor of Spanish, who taught the 8-credit multicultural education class with Assistant Professor of Education Tami Smith. Moreno encountered resistance when she tried to teach entirely in Spanish before the trip to Costa Rica, but afterward “their attitude changed completely. It was a 100 percent shift. The students loved their experience there and loved the language,” she said. The students slept in tree houses at an environmental hostel in the middle of a rain forest and learned from Bribri Indians about their lives and culture. Back in Maryland, the students could not get enough Spanish. “They wanted more and more and more. They were sad when it ended and asked if they could still meet with me over coffee and discuss books. I still have some of these students coming,” said Moreno-Lopez. “The students you take abroad are students for life.” 

“They wanted more and more and more... The students you take abroad are students for life.”

Goucher students are accustomed to a lot of attention from professors, at home and abroad. “Most people that come here were looking for a small, liberal arts school,” said sophomore Royce DuBiner. “I mean, I lunch with my professors and talk with them all the time. After an exam you can walk into their office and they go over it with you right there.” DuBiner, from Atlanta, Georgia, cashed in his $1,200 voucher on a three-week trip to Vietnam last January led by Nicholas Brown, chair of Political Science and International Relations, who showed them the firebase where he served during the war, now a farmer’s field. They journeyed from Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) to Hanoi, learning about Vietnam’s history and its current social and economic reforms.

Goucher so far has implemented the education abroad mandate by hiring just one additional staff member for what is now a four-person Office of International Studies. Two education abroad advisers, an administrative staffer, and student workers round out the office (visas for Goucher’s international students are handled by the Admissions Office). “It is a small infrastructure,” said Provost Marc Roy, who came to Goucher in 2007. “The faculty is carrying a lot of the burden in terms of advising students. But the staff here is incredibly productive and so far they’ve been able to meet the challenge. I think time will tell us what’s necessary to do. But yes, faculty are carrying a lot of the load, both in terms of designing the intensive courses abroad and some of the logistical preparation for that. We need to find ways to make that less of a burden for faculty.

Political science professor Eric Singer spent eight years as associate dean of International Studies. “My main charge has been to think strategically and work with faculty and department to internationalize our curriculum and our academic programs,” said Singer, who has now relinquished those administrative duties and will resume teaching full-time after a sabbatical. Singer regularly proselytized fellow faculty to teach courses overseas and led several study abroad trips himself to South Africa. He put the arm on LaJerne Cornish, an assistant professor of education, one summer when Singer needed students to teach math in a South African township school. 

Cornish found two willing education majors and agreed to take an exploratory trip with Singer to South Africa. Cornish, a Goucher alumna and former assistant principal of a Baltimore middle school, had never been out of the country. “I grew up in Baltimore City and thought I had some conception of poverty, but nothing prepared me for what I saw in South Africa,” she said. For the past four summers, she has led groups of up to a dozen education majors to teach in an overcrowded school in rural Grahamstown, South Africa. She has also raised thousands of dollars to donate books to township schools. “This has really pushed me in unexpected ways,” said Cornish.

Exploring Global Issues

Service, whether in inner city Baltimore, hurricane-ravaged New Orleans, or the slums of Grahamstown, is part of the culture at Goucher. Sophomore Maura Roth-Gormley, 20, of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, first learned about Goucher in the book, Colleges That Change Lives, by Loren Pope. “I was interested because of Goucher’s international studies program and all the emphasis on service learning,” said the history major and ballet dancer who also teaches yoga. 

Roth-Gormley is also in Goucher’s International Scholars Program (ISP), which places students in special seminars exploring global issues during their first three semesters and requires them to take one language class beyond the intermediate level and to study abroad for at least a semester. The ISP students get $3,000 vouchers. RothGormley already has been to South Africa on a three-week course, and plans to return for a full semester on an exchange with Rhodes University in Grahamstown. “When I talk to people at other colleges, I’m always kind of shocked” how few plan to study abroad, she said. “When I say I’ve already studied abroad and plan to do so again, they say, ‘Well, that’s interesting. I’d love to do that—but I probably won’t.’” Still, the ISP, which started in 2005, isn’t everyone’s cup of tea, with prescribed courses and a long research paper. Forty students in the class of 2010 signed up for ISP as freshmen; half had left the program before the third semester’s end.

But others love it. The study abroad mandate “is why I came to Goucher,” said sophomore Debra Linik of Woodstown, New Jersey. Linik, a political science and international relations major, extolled a seminar in which her class explored how the Maryland crab industry has gone global. Phillips Seafood Company, which started on the boardwalk in Ocean City, now operates seafood canning plants in Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, India, Malaysia, Vietnam, and China, and relies on migrant labor from Mexico to staff its crab-packing houses on the Chesapeake Bay.

Steven DeCaroli, an associate professor of philosophy who has led classes to China and Greece, said that at Goucher, “You can pick up the phone and talk to the person in charge and get something done on a first-name basis. There’s not a lot of bureaucracy to go through.”

Antje Rauwerda, an assistant professor of English who was raised in Singapore where her Dutch father was a petroleum geologist, partnered with DeCaroli on that first China trip. Rauwerda said of the education abroad mandate, “As with any big change, there are little bumps; there are little parts of implementing this that are awkward. But I think it will change the feel of the campus community,” and once the students start “cross-pollinating” their experiences in China or Mali or Ireland, “it’s going to be really interesting.”

Lindsey Hendricks, 20, a junior biology major from Bar Harbor, Maine, said the study abroad mandate is attracting “a different crowd” to Goucher. “I can remember in my freshman year a lot of people didn’t want to study abroad or even do an offcampus  internship. You don’t hear that any more,” said Hendricks, who took a tropical marine biology class in Honduras and journeyed to London to study immigrant cultures in the East End. Hendricks is a leader of an agricultural co-op that tends large com posting bins around campus, harvesting leftover vegetables from the cafeteria daily.

Sophomore Anndal Narayanan, 19, a French and history major from Delray Beach, Florida, is spending her junior fall semester at the Sorbonne in Paris. She, too, learned about Goucher from Colleges That Change Lives. “The international study requirement was really the clincher,” said Narayanan. The requirement “explains why the freshman class was the biggest that Goucher’s ever had,” said Narayanan, who recently received honors for her freshman ISP paper comparing the 1968 student takeover at Columbia University in New York to the riots at the Sorbonne.

Greater Student Engagement

J. Michael Curry, former vice president and academic dean, believes the study abroad mandate is bringing in students who are more “engaged, thoughtful, open to new experiences, (and) aware of the world.” And while some choose Goucher because of the safe, suburban campus, the mandate also serves notice that Goucher “will push them out of the comfort of the nest,” he said.

The responsibility for ensuring that a student goes abroad really rests with the students themselves, but the faculty “have a responsibility for getting the conversation started,” said Associate Dean Janine Bowen.

Laura Burns, an assistant professor of art who teaches photography, said this is “a big time of transition” for both faculty and students. “It is very new in terms of advising. It’s new in terms of figuring out who’s on campus and who’s not. It’s new in terms of figuring out how difficult it becomes for students to meet their requirements here and yet go abroad,” said Burns, who has led classes to study life on the border shared by El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.

“I see a huge, huge change in international awareness and knowledge on the part of both students and faculty.”

“So far it seems to be working quite well,” Burns added. “The students I’ve been talking with are good planners. It’s making them plan a little bit more into the future, having to sort of sit down and say, ‘O.K., this class is available this semester; if I’m gone this semester, then I need to do X, Y, and Z.’ It means that people are tending to write out a four-year plan as opposed to a semester- bysemester plan.” 

Marianne Githens, professor of political science and one of the longest serving faculty members— she arrived in 1965 fresh from finishing her Ph.D. at the London School of Economics—believes Goucher “is going through a real renaissance.” Students in her “Women in Politics” class were more familiar with Ségolène Royal and her campaign for president of France than an earlier generation would have been. “That’s one of the wonderful products of internationalizing here at Goucher,” said Githens.

From Dance to Lacrosse—Integrating Study Abroad

Kaushik Bagchi, an associate professor of history, and Amanda Thom Woodson, professor of dance, have teamed to lead students on five trips to Ghana and one to India. “When I came here 15 years ago, mine was one of the few international voices on campus. I was an international specimen on campus. That is no longer the case. I see a huge, huge change in international awareness and knowledge on the part of both students and faculty,” said Bagchi, who is from Delhi.

“We do a lot of drumming and dancing” on the Ghana trip, said Bagchi. “Some people may think, ‘That’s not for me.’ But in the villages we visit, music and dance are completely integrated into everyday life and politics.” The students also learn the history of the slave trade and visit the forts and castles built by the Portuguese and Dutch traders.

Woodson also takes dance students to Brazil to study music and dance. Sometimes, she will hear from a student that her parents “will not pay for them to go on a dance  international exchange program because they are not ‘learning anything.’ I explain to the parents that this is not purely about dancing. It is a cultural experience.” Woodson, a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, grew up in a military family in Malta, Germany, and Singapore. 

Goucher’s dance program has never lost the luster it enjoyed when it was a women’s college. Goucher also has a strong equestrian program, with its own stable of horses. Its athletic teams compete in NCAA Division III, with no athletic scholarships. Thomas L. Till, swim coach and assistant athletic director, said coaches understand that at Goucher, academics comes before athletics even if that means a star athlete may miss a season while studying abroad. Women’s lacrosse was short three players last spring because several players were overseas. “As a coach, you deal with these—I don’t want to call them frustrations, but little setbacks. You can’t fault the kids because they’re getting these great experiences. And it’s neat to see the transformation when they come back,” said Till.

Comfortable Out on a Limb

Ungar grew up in Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, the son of grocers who immigrated from Eastern Europe. He went to Harvard, wrote for the Crimson, and thought his future might be in the law and small town politics. But “the world just opened to me” after he won a Rotary Foundation Fellowship to the London School of Economics and became a foreign correspondent in Paris and Nairobi. 

He also spent a summer working for the English language Argus newspapers in Johannesburg, Durban, and Cape Town, seeing apartheid at its worst. Later he wrote books on Africa, the FBI, the new wave of immigrants, and other topics; hosted National Public Radio’s All Things Considered; became dean of the communications school at American University; and was director of the Voice of America from 1999 to 2001.

His vision for international education permeates all matters, large and small, at Goucher. When a Maryland community organization came by to solicit an institutional membership fee costing $7,200, Ungar instantly did the math in his head. “That’s six stipends for students to go overseas,” he said. “You have a high threshold to tell me that that’s more important than putting the money into sending six students overseas.”

The study abroad mandate has earned Goucher waves of publicity. A recent feature in The Chronicle of Higher Education took note of some grumbling among the  faculty, but gave Ungar the last word. “I’m comfortable being out on this limb,” he said.

Ungar amplified on those thoughts. “One of the challenges is to bring faculty along in all disciplines and help them see that the international component of things is not a luxury but a growing necessity. It’s understandable that some people would have reservations and concerns, especially because to them in some cases they feel, ‘If I’m going to make room for an international component…then what has to go? What is it going to replace?’” he said. “The answer in my view is that curriculum has always changed and will always change.”

To campuses thinking of following Goucher’s example, Ungar offered this advice: “Make sure that there are lots of new programs in the cooker, lots of new ideas for study abroad programs, both short- and long-term ones. I might urge that people do that a little bit sooner than we did.”

Institutions also need to collaborate more on the courses and classes they take overseas. “No doubt everybody wants to do something unique and have programs that reflect the character of each individual institution. There’s nothing wrong with that,” said Ungar. “But I think everybody needs to learn a little bit more about group play.”

Berklee College of Music is teeming with aspiring rock, jazz, R&B, and hip-hop musicians as well as songwriters, sound engineers, and others determined to make careers in contemporary music. They come not only from across the country, but around the world: almost a quarter of Berklee’s 4,000 students are international. Berklee sends faculty out to hold auditions on six continents. Working in pairs, they hit 45 cities in 21 countries on Berklee’s “World Scholarship Tour.”

Why go to such lengths? “We think there is great talent out in the world and it’s our job to find them, not wait for them to find us,” said Berklee President Roger Brown. And when they bring their musical traditions and materials into Berklee’s classrooms, all benefit. “If I’m in class with a young man from Ghana and someone from Indonesia and someone from Finland, I’m learning a lot more than if I were just with people who had the same background that I had,” said Brown.

In just the past two years Michael Shaver, assistant director of admissions, has been to “every continent except for Antarctica. I’ve been to Australia, Malaysia, Japan, Italy, Thailand, Finland, Ghana, South Africa, France, Brazil, Ecuador, and Canada.” Berklee conducted 1,250 live auditions overseas in 2008–09. Half the 6,400 auditions were held in Boston, and the rest in locations across the United States.

Alto saxophonist Jim Ogdren, academic assistant to the dean of the performing division, gave clinics and conducted auditions in Panama City during the Panama Jazz Festival, the brainchild of Panamanian jazz pianist and Berklee alumnus Danilo Perez. “We try to get them to play the style and music they know best,” said Ogdren. “They often try to play what they think (we) want to hear and stop being themselves. They think we want to hear jazz. We’ll see a great shredder guitarist or a drummer come in and they’re trying to play swing.”

A Strong Draw From Asia

Almost half of Berklee’s 1,000 international students come from Japan, South Korea, and other countries in Asia. Sung Ho Cho, 29, from Seoul already holds a bachelor’s degree in physics but is retooling himself as a jazz guitarist. How did he hear about Berklee?

“Actually in Korea, Berklee is famous among the music students,” he said. “When they think about going abroad and studying, the first choice is Berklee. Lots of students want to come here.” His idols include Pat Metheny and Berklee’s own Mick Goodrick, a faculty member the students admiringly call Mr. Goodchord.

Classmate Seung Hun Lee, 28, also from Seoul, earned a classical music degree back home, playing saxophone in a symphony orchestra. Now he hopes to chart a new path as an alto saxophonist. “I never played jazz before. I really wanted to learn,” said Lee, whose favorite player, Walter Beasley, graduated from Berklee.

Berklee was founded as a jazz school called Schillinger House of Music in 1945. Founder Lawrence Berk later combined his name and his son’s first name to come up with Berklee. It has had an international cast for decades. The first international student was Toshiko Akiyoshi, who arrived from Tokyo in 1956 after Berk sent her a plane ticket and offered a full scholarship. “She went on to become one of Japan’s most preeminent big band leaders and really helped create the tradition of jazz in Japan,” said Brown. “The school has a long and great tradition of finding talent all over the world and giving those young people opportunities they wouldn’t have had otherwise.” 

Arif Mardin, the legendary music producer from Turkey who produced hits for Aretha Franklin, the Bee Gees, and Norah Jones, attended Berklee on a scholarship paid for by Quincy Jones, who spent a year at Berklee before heading off to make his name in the music world. Canadian jazz great Diana Krall won a scholarship at the Vancouver International Jazz Festival that paid her way to Berklee.

Teaching Master Classes Around the World

The institution’s own international musical journey began in earnest in 1985 when faculty members traveled to Japan to give clinics. Now faculty musicians regularly head out to perform and give master classes at 14 schools in the Berklee International Network in Nancy, France; São Paulo, Brazil; Barcelona, Spain; Quito, Ecuador; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Freiburg, Germany; Tokyo and Kobe, Japan; Helsinki, Finland; Dublin, Ireland; Athens, Greece; Ramat HaSharon, Israel; and Seoul, South Korea. The college also mounts jazz festivals in Perugia, Italy, and San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Berklee’s tuition and fees top $15,000 per semester. Four of the nine full-ride scholarships the college offers are reserved for international students, including ones reserved for African and Canadian musicians. In 2008 Berklee launched an Africa Scholars Program with auditions in Accra, Ghana, and Durban, South Africa, where it offered $1.4 million in scholarships to 25 musicians. Brown, the president, once taught school in Kenya before getting an M.B.A. and founding a successful child-care company, Bright Horizons.

“The school has a long and great tradition of finding talent all over the world and giving those young people opportunities they wouldn’t have had otherwise.”

“Obviously, we could give a thousand of those scholarships to gifted African musicians, so it will not make a dent in allowing the talent of Africa to come to Berklee. But it will certainly deepen our connection to the continent,” the president said. “We also find that a lot of students who come to the auditions and get to know the college find a way here through other scholarships they are able to get.”

An ‘Outlier’ Among Music Schools and Conservatories

Jay Kennedy, associate vice president for academic affairs, said that among U.S. music schools and conservatories, “Berklee is essentially an outlier. There are aspects (of the curriculum) that are similar in other schools, but not in the concentration that we have them…. We are the most progressive in terms of how we align with what the music business and industry is doing today.”

A decade ago, many international students would come for just two to four semesters, said Jason Camelio, director of international education operations. Now “more are wanting to stay and complete that degree because they see value to it.” Berklee offers diplomas and certificates as well as bachelor degrees. 

Berklee will raise its international profile even higher in 2011 when it opens a satellite campus in Valencia, Spain. Berklee Valencia will be a joint venture with Spain’s Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (SGAE) in a new arts complex called ARTeria Valencia. The Spanish campus will accommodate 1,000 students, including 200 that Berklee hopes to send from Boston each year, said Sharon Glennon, former director of international programs and now planning director for the Valencia branch. And that means Berklee students will be getting even broader exposure to the wide world of music. 

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Berklee College of Music

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The motto of Portland State University in Oregon is emblazoned on a sky bridge that spans Broadway, Portland’s main thoroughfare: Let Knowledge Serve The City. “We’d like to change it now to Let Knowledge Serve the Globe,” quips Kevin Kecskes, associate vice provost for engagement. Portland State, already known for deep community partnerships, today works on a broader canvass seeking sustainable solutions to economic, environmental, and social challenges that confront cities everywhere. 

This urban university practices what it preaches. In a city crisscrossed by light rail and streetcars, most students, faculty, and staff walk, ride bicycles, or take public transportation to the compact, 49-acre campus. The new president, Wim Wiewel, an expert on urban affairs, rode a bicycle to work on his first day in August 2008. Most of the 26,000 students commute; the dorms abutting Broadway house only 2,000 of them, although plans are on the drawing boards for several thousand more.

The city itself is a powerful draw for the 1,700 international students. “Typically international students want to come to an urban environment. The living environment is more supportive culturally and more diverse than in a university town like Corvallis or to an extent Eugene,” said Gil Latz, vice provost for international affairs and a professor of geography. Portland’s lures also make faculty recruiting easier. “A lot of people want to live in the Pacific Northwest,” said Ronald Tammen, director of the Mark Hatfield School of Government. Wiewel, who came from Chicago, said his new hometown “is such an easy city to sell. It’s a great brand.”

Wiewel is building on momentum created over a decade at Portland State. His predecessor, Daniel Bernstine, doubled enrollment and won the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges’ (now the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities, A·P·L·U) Michael Malone International Leadership Award in 2005 for his efforts to internationalize Portland State. 

Broadening the Experience of ‘New Majority’ Students

The new president, a native of Amsterdam, views attracting more international and out-of-state students as a strategic way of broadening the educational experience for Oregon students. The student body typifies what some call “the new majority” in American higher education: older and often part-time. Most of these collegians “can’t park their family and their job for six months to go study in Berlin,” said Duncan Carter, associate dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Fretting over that reality would be pointless, said Provost Roy Koch, so instead Portland State has concentrated on offering short, faculty-led education abroad opportunities, often over spring break as part of longer courses. The number who study abroad is still modest (541 in 2007–08) but it has been climbing. Ron Witczak, assistant vice provost and director of education abroad, said, “We started in 2001 with three or four faculty-led programs and roughly 30 students. Now we’re up to 27 with close to 250 students.” Last year a full-time coordinator was hired. “There’s no place-bound student who can’t figure out a way to go abroad for two weeks if they want to,” said Wiewel. Both the length and cost—typically $2,500 to $3,500—make the short-term programs attractive, and partial scholarships are available for those in need.

“There’s no place-bound student who can’t figure out a way to go abroad for two weeks if they want to.”

Jill Scantlan, who quit school, earned a GED at age 16, and became a licensed massage therapist, spent nine months studying in Hyderabad, India. The 25-year-old international studies major aims to earn a master’s degree and return to India to do public health work. Helen Johnson returned to college for a master’s in teaching English as a second language after two decades as a homemaker. The two summers she spent practice teaching in South Korea were “the experience of a lifetime,” said Johnson, 47, a native of Greece who aspires to teach English to immigrants. “Now I’m back to what I really want to do.”

Emphases on Sustainability and Community Learning

Sustainability was the watchword at Portland State, even before it received a 10-year, $25 million matching grant in 2008 from the Miller Foundation—the largest gift in the institution’s history—to make the university an exemplar of sustainability, from the curriculum to campus life to community partnerships. Wiewel said, “You can’t be known across the world for everything unless you are Princeton or Harvard or some place like that. We’ve got to pick our strengths, and sustainability is one of those. It’s not just green wash; it’s real. People are doing it.” Portland State is working with Hokkaido University in Japan and Tongji University in China on ways to foster sustainability, and the issue drives the curriculum for the Hatfield School’s executive leadership and training programs for hundreds of government managers and business executives from Vietnam, Japan, and South Korea. 

Portland State’s long-standing relationship with Waseda University in Tokyo also focuses in part on sustainability. The campus houses the Waseda Oregon Office, which brings dozens of Waseda students to Portland each year and sends 60 students from across the United States to Tokyo each summer for intensive Japanese classes. Latz, who studied at Waseda as an Occidental College undergraduate, is looking for a third partner elsewhere in Asia for a three-way exchange around the global sustainability theme. “We have to move away from thinking only in terms of two dimensions to a problem,” the geographer said. “If this third country were Korea, for example, the students would learn that the Korean approach to sustainability would be very different from the Japanese approach and the Portland approach.”

Community-based learning is also a key to the curriculum at Portland State, where all undergraduates are obliged to perform service. Eight thousand students work in teams to identify and address community problems each year, and “we are incorporating this service element into our study abroad programs,” said Latz.

Kecskes, who directs the community partnerships, eschews the “service learning” term. “Community-based learning is a much larger umbrella. ‘Service’ can connote a one-way street,” he said. One course that Kecskes helped design takes students to Tucson, Arizona, and Nogales, Mexico, to study immigration policy and pollution from global factories south of the border. Instructor Celine Fitzmaurice’s students spend a night in a migrant shelter and live with families who work in those factories. Often, she said, there is at least one student whose parents entered the U.S. without documentation. Kecskes designed another course in which students meet with leaders of Portland’s Oaxacan immigrant community before heading to Oaxaca, Mexico, to see conditions there for themselves.

Portland State is also the new home of the International Partnership for Service Learning & Leadership, a not-for-profit that runs programs for undergraduates’ combining study abroad with volunteer service. It will offer a master’s degree in international development and service that includes six months of courses at Portland State and six months’ service in Kingston, Jamaica, or Guadalajara, Mexico. 

Surprises in Studying Impact of Education Abroad

Portland State participated in the Global Learning for All project of the American Council on Education (ACE), which looked at how institutions with large numbers of nontraditional undergraduates—adults, minorities, and parttime students—incorporated international content and activities into their curricula and campus life. Portland State also shared a Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education grant with five other institutions to measure the impact of international learning on students’ attitudes.

“It was as though the (Russian) language had disappeared,” said Freels, but now enrollments have rebounded partly with the help of a $1 million National Security Education Program grant.”

Carter, associate dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Latz, and Patricia Thornton, an associate professor of international studies, helped pilot a test that examined what students took away from their education abroad experiences. “We got some surprises,” said Carter. “Students who had traveled frequently abroad or indicated several short trips abroad outside of an academic context actually scored lower on the attitude section than students who’d never left the country.” He added, “We call this the Club Med experience and hypothesize that this may actually do more harm than good.” 

The faculty senate, after lively debates over the wisdom of expanding the list of core objectives for a Portland State education, recently adopted an international learning outcome as part of a broader revamping of curricular requirements. The new goal reads: “Students will understand the richness and challenge of world culture, the effects of globalization, and develop the skills and attitudes to function as ‘global citizens.’” Provost Koch said, “It was implied before, but now it’s very explicit.” The challenge is figuring out how to accomplish it for engineers as well as history and international studies majors. “We don’t want to just create another course or set of courses. We want to make it an integral part of students’ existing coursework,” he said. 

Luring Students to Russian Language Classes

Four thousand Portland State students took foreign language courses in fall 2008. “We are the largest unit in the university,” said Sandra G. Freels, chair of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures and professor of Russian, one of 20 languages taught. When the Soviet Union collapsed, “it was as though the (Russian) language had disappeared,” said Freels, but now enrollments have rebounded partly with the help of a $1 million National Security Education Program grant. 

That grant allowed Portland State to offer 22 Russian-speaking freshmen and sophomores the opportunity last fall to add an extra, two-credit class taught in Russian to the standard, six-credit Inquiry course, one of the university’s requirements. These students were encouraged to live on the Russian immersion floor of a dorm and later might spend a full year at St. Petersburg State University. The purpose, said professor Patricia Wetzel, “is not aimed at producing Russian majors. It’s producing chemistry, business, and history majors who can use their language professionally.” The students, many of them heritage speakers of Russian, often “had no idea what their language skills are worth,” said Freels.

Raising the Research and Global Profile

In bringing Wiewel to Portland, the State Board of Higher Education chose a president whose most recent book was Global Universities and Urban Development. Wiewel first came to the United States from Holland on an American Field Service high school exchange. After earning a doctorate in sociology at Northwestern University, he directed the Great Cities Institute at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and was provost of the University of Baltimore in Maryland. His goal is to double the externally funded research budget to $80 million in five or so years. Research “by definition nowadays is global…. The more you raise the research profile, the more it allows you to go beyond your local focus,” Wiewel said.

The Hatfield School of Government has taken an entrepreneurial approach to growing its international profile. “We have tentacles that stretch throughout the local community, the state, the nation, and the world,” said Tammen, the director. “We grow not on public money, but on money that we generate ourselves by training government officials in the United States and abroad and by doing contract work for a lot of different folks.” 

Marcus Ingle, director of the school’s International Public Service & Fellows program, regularly takes Portland State students to Vietnam and recently won two grants from the Ford Foundation to establish a program on state leadership for sustainable development at the Ho Chi Minh Political Academy in Hanoi. He also had a hand in arranging a $2 million Intel Corp. initiative that has brought 28 Vietnamese engineering students to Portland for two years to finish their studies and earn a Portland State degree.

“We grow not on public money, but on money that we generate ourselves by training government officials in the United States and abroad and by doing contract work for a lot of different folks. ”

Political scientist Birol Yesilada, chair of contemporary Turkish studies, and Harry Anastasiou, a professor of conflict resolution, take students to Cyprus for two weeks each year to study life on both sides of the Green Line that divides the Greek and Turkish communities. Yesilada said Portland State is still “a young campus. It does not have entrenched rules. It doesn’t have the financial means of a Harvard, but if you have a good idea, you’ll get support to do it. They are not going to stand in your way.”

From its classic, New England campus with the postcard view of New London’s steeples and Long Island Sound, Connecticut College has taken an interdisciplinary approach to ensuring that its 1,900 students learn to become “international citizens,” as President Leo I. Higdon Jr. puts it.

Some of the most worldly and widely traveled are the 30 admitted as sophomores each year into the Center for International Studies and the Liberal Arts (CISLA), a certificate program with its own $7 million endowment that provides airfare and a $3,000 stipend for CISLA’s Global Scholars to do internships anywhere in the world. They must complete a research project as seniors upon their return./p>

David Urbaneja-Furelos, an international relations and East Asian Studies major from Burgos, Spain, interned for the United Nations Industrial and Development Organization in Beijing and Taiyuan, China. “I’ve always wanted to work for the United Nations, but the UN only offers unpaid internships that usually are reserved for master’s students. CISLA helped me to afford something that otherwise would never have happened.” Chinese language major George Fernandez interned for NBC during the Olympics and for a developer in Beijing.

Gili Ben-Yosef, a sociology major, interned in Argentina for a Jewish relief agency and wrote her senior paper on what it means to be Jewish in twenty-first century Buenos Aires. Nonprofits needn’t worry about whether they can afford an intern. “We basically have the whole world open to us and can choose the ideal internship,” she said. “It empowers us to go international after graduation.”

Experiencing a New Culture Alone

Jessamyn Cox found it lonely at times being on her own in Reutlingen, Germany, while interning at an art museum. “You’re outside your comfort zone and don’t have the support system of family and friends,” she said. But experiences like hers make the CISLA internships all the more formative. Mary Devins, associate director of CISLA, said, “This living by yourself without a friend down the hall is an enormous learning experience.” Added Robert Gay, CISLA director, “We push them.” Gay, a British-born ethnographer who studies crime and poverty in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, said the CISLA certification on a diploma means “that you went abroad and worked in a professional situation where you may be the only English speaker in an office. It’s a tremendous asset for your resume.” Robert Proctor, professor of Italian and a founder of the program, said, “Whatever we do here in the classroom, it’s nothing compared with the growth we see in these kids upon their return.”

The popularity of CISLA spawned three other interdisciplinary centers that offer certificates in conservation biology and environmental studies, arts and technology, community action and public policy. One in six undergraduates now works to the higher standards demanded by these centers.

Pipeline to Vietnam

CISLA was created two decades ago under former President Claire Gaudiani, who also had a hand in designing the college’s Study Away/Teach Away (SATA) program, in which one or two faculty and 10 to 20 students spend a semester in another land. Originally, said government Professor Alex Roberto Hybel, the intention was to study only in developing countries. But some of those destinations were a difficult fit for faculty whose research interests lay elsewhere, and eventually professors began leading students on SATAs to Rome and Prague as well as to China, India, Vietnam, and Peru. “Initially there was some reluctance, but as faculty members realized how much they could benefit,” more stepped up to lead SATAs, said the Argentine-born Hybel, who doubled as dean of international programs in the mid-1990s.

In 2008 there were SATAs to Mysore, India, to Hanoi, Vietnam, and to Rome, Italy. That was the eighth time for the program in Hanoi, where the Connecticut College contingent lives in a residence for international students and takes courses taught by their own professors and the faculty of Vietnam National University (VNU). To date 150 students and 14 faculty have gone to Hanoi, and 19 VNU faculty have paid reciprocal visits to New London. William Frasure, a professor of government instrumental in arranging these exchanges, in 2008 became the second American ever awarded an honorary doctorate by the Vietnamese university. 

“Several new courses that directly draw upon our Vietnam experience have been introduced into the college’s curriculum, and numerous ­existing courses have been enriched by it.”

Frasure said, “Several new courses that directly draw upon our Vietnam experience have been introduced into the college’s curriculum, and numerous existing courses have been enriched by it.” In addition to expanding students’ academic horizons, “the Vietnam project has really meant a whole new career direction” for some faculty, he added.

Spring Break in St. Petersburg, Russia

Connecticut College, a women’s college until 1969, also sends students abroad for shorter stretches on its Traveling Research and Immersion Program (TRIP). TRIPs take place between semesters, over spring break, and at the end of the academic year. Andrea Lanoux, chair of Slavic studies, took her beginning Russian students to Russia over spring break in 2008 and 2009. “I had 17 people last year sign up for Russian. I went from 6 to 17 overnight,” said Lanoux. Each student also received a loaner iPod filled with Russian pop music, folk songs, poetry, videos, cartoons, talk shows, nursery rhymes, and language exercises. A foundation grant paid for the iPods.

“When you hand these out in class and students who don’t know Russian turn them on and it’s all in Cyrillic, their eyes just light up. It’s a wonderful thing. I would never teach a class again without iPods. It’s the perfect tool for language learning,” said Lanoux. “Japanese and German [programs] are also doing it.”

In 1991, Judaic studies scholar Roger Brooks, now dean of the faculty, was one of the first professors to lead a TRIP. Showing students a slide of Robinson’s Arch, the remains of a once grand archway to the ancient Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, he instructed students to look for these remains “if you ever go to Jerusalem.” One student raised her hand and said, ‘Spring break is coming up. Why don’t we all go and you can show it to us.’ Four and a-half-weeks later, all 23 students were with me in Jerusalem,” he recalled. 

Preparing Students for Global Lives

Connecticut College’s revised mission statement wastes no time in emphasizing the international. The first sentence reads, “Connecticut College educates students to put the liberal arts into action as citizens in a global society.” The college emphasized a need to further internationalize when it launched a $200 million fund-raising drive in 2008: “We must ensure that all our students are prepared to thrive in this global society. We will bring international content to every course of study, and we will expand foreign language proficiency. We will create new ways for students to study abroad and new international experiences on campus.”

Students must take one semester of an intermediate language course or one year of a new language. Frances L. Hoffmann, a professor of sociology and women’s studies, said the college has tried “to shift the nature of foreign language instruction to encourage students to become verbally excellent as well as able to read.” For example, Paola Sica, associate professor of Italian, said, “Many students are interested in art history. We try to find the link between our upper level Italian courses and the courses they’re offering in the art history department. We’re trying to find new directions not enclosed in a little box.”

The college started offering Arabic in 2007, and an interdisciplinary program in Islamic World Civilizations is on the drawing boards. “We need more languages. We need more people. We need to broaden the scope of what we do. But it’s all just a matter of money we don’t have,” said Edward Brodkin, an Asian history specialist.

“Connecticut College educates students to put the liberal arts into ­action as citizens in a global society.”

Hoffmann, former dean of the faculty, led a drive to expand Knowlton, the international residence hall, to accommodate an “International Cultural Commons” that would be filled with satellite televisions’ broadcasting international news, sports, and cultural events. “I had this notion that when the World Cup was on, we’d show the games, have a dinner and music, and you’d have to speak the language of the teams that were playing, trying to marry the cocurricular life and academic life.” But the grand plans—which would have cost at least $11 million—ran into structural and financial roadblocks.

“We came together and made an adjustment around the balance between physical facilities and programs,” said President Higdon. “What we want to try to do is support curricular and faculty development around our international global immersion and objectives.” An anonymous $1 million gift is helping with what is now called the International Commons initiative.

Mixing Food and Languages

Last fall the college appointed its first Foreign Language Fellows, student peer counselors who are paid $1,200 a year to mount social and cultural events promoting nine languages. “It’s a challenge to actually make (other) students participate,” said Cinthia Isla Marin, a sophomore from Iquitos, Peru, who is the Spanish Foreign Language Fellow. “The United States is full of Spanish speakers. The students are like, ‘What’s the point of going to an activity? I can turn around and see a Spanish speaker if I want.’ For them, the activities have to be much sexier.” One of her hits was a Spanish karaoke night. She also found pen pals for her classmates among her former United World Colleges classmates. United World Colleges (UWC), a global educational NGO, selects students from across the globe regardless of their ability to pay for higher education opportunities. UWC has 13 colleges across five continents that aim to foster international understanding and peace.

Katherine Shabb, born in Texas but raised in Lebanon, was the Arabic Fellow. With the help of kitchen workers of Lebanese descent, the freshman redecorated the Knowlton dining room with Lebanese flags, served Middle Eastern food, and brought in a Middle Eastern singer for entertainment. “It was a much smoother transition for me coming from Lebanon, finding that there’s such a strong international commitment in the school,” said Shabb. 

Faculty Engagement in International Programs

Chemistry Professor Marc Zimmer three times has taken students to his native South Africa. He was named Connecticut’s Professor of the Year in 2007, in part for his success in mentoring minority students. His research on green fluorescent protein (which can tag cancer cells) is funded by both the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. He came to Connecticut College in 1990 from a postdoctoral fellowship at Yale University and “one reason I stayed was because I wanted to do more SATAs. It’s a great opportunity for me and my family.”

Brodkin, a historian of Asia, has led a half dozen semester programs in India. Brodkin, retiring at the end of 2009 after four decades on the faculty, remembers a time when half the required courses for history majors dealt with European history and a quarter were about the United States. “The implication was that Europe was twice as important as America and the rest of the world didn’t really matter at all,” he said. “That changed very quickly when we got people from the rest of the world. We now have an Africa historian and a Latin America historian.”

Resources the Only Impediment

Armando Ignacio Bengochea, dean of the College Community, said, “The only thing that 
stops Connecticut College from realizing any of its largest ambitions is simply resources. We have incredible ambitions and they’re only held in check by resources. We would certainly have many more international students if we could afford them.” Budget pressures led the college to cut back slightly on admission offers this year to international students who needed significant aid, and Martha Merrill, dean of admission and financial aid, is hoping to find more international students who can pay all or much of the comprehensive fee. “Those are the challenges for us as a small college without the name recognition (of) some other institutions,” she said.

Almost five percent of Connecticut College’s 1,900 students are international. Roughly the same percentage hold dual citizenship, and several dozen more are permanent residents or U.S. citizens who grew up overseas.

Finding the resources to meet Connecticut College’s ambitions rests principally on the shoulders of Higdon, who became president in 2006 after leading the College of Charleston and Babson College and serving as dean of the Darden School of Business at the University of Virginia. Higdon, a former Peace Corps volunteer in Malawi, spent two decades as an investment banker on Wall Street before switching to academe.

“Our overarching vision is to be one of the very best liberal arts colleges in the land. We think we’re moving toward that goal” by emphasizing globalization and cross-cultural fluency for students and faculty, said Higdon. However the economic winds blow, Connecticut College is holding steady on that course.

Boston University (BU) is impossible to miss, perched alongside the Charles River in the city that dubs itself the Athens of America. Dorms and lecture halls stand sentry on Commonwealth, and the Boston T trolley doubles as the campus shuttle. Kenmore Square, the iridescent CITGO sign, and Fenway Park sit in BU’s backyard; the Prudential Tower looms in the distance. In this vibrant cityscape, this one-time Methodist seminary has blossomed into the fourth largest U.S. private university, with 30,000 students and a phalanx of graduate and professional programs. It enrolled more than 5,000 international students from 135 countries in 2008–09, and it operates one of the premiere education abroad programs, sending 1,500 BU undergraduates and 700 from other U.S. campuses to destinations around the globe for work and study.

BU has embarked on a 10-year, $1.8 billion drive to move higher in the academic rankings, and its 2007 strategic plan, Choosing to Be Great (www.bu.edu/president/strategicplan/choosing.shtml), makes building on BU’s international strengths a cornerstone of that strategy. While pledging to continue “our long and proud tradition of service-based and professional learning,” it emphasized that “the landscape for our students and programs is more than Boston; it is the world.” Already the percentage of international students in the freshman class has jumped from 7 to 11 percent, and President Robert Brown is aiming for 14 percent, which he says would give BU “basically a global student body.” 

Strategic Growth in Languages

Another impact can be seen in BU’s language programs, already the beneficiary of several of the 100 new faculty positions planned. Eighteen languages from Arabic to Korean are regularly taught, and BU’s African Studies Center, a Title VI national resource center and one of the nation’s oldest, provides instruction in half a dozen more. 

“Deans nowadays are running languages together into huge departments with all kinds of crazy combinations; BU is walking in the other direction.”

James McCann, an environmental historian who studies the nexus between maize and malaria, said its broad reach allows students to write dissertations in fields “all the way from geography to anthropology in different parts of Africa.”

Not every BU student must learn another language, although the large College of Arts and Sciences requires proficiency. Even without a blanket requirement, 9,000 students are studying languages. Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Virginia Sapiro said, “I’ve been working to expand the number of lesser taught strategic languages.” Already she’s hired new, tenure-track faculty for Turkish and Arabic, and Persian is next.

BU bifurcated an omnibus language unit into separate Departments of Romance Studies (French, Italian, and Spanish) and Modern Languages and Comparative Literatures (German, Russian, Turkish, Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese). Christopher Maurer, chair of the Department of Romance Studies, said, “Deans nowadays are running languages together into huge departments with all kinds of crazy combinations; BU is walking in the other direction.” William Waters, chair of modern languages, said, “They don’t have armies of students studying those (strategic) languages… but what you see in Dean Sapiro’s moves there is strategic thinking” about bolstering BU’s intellectual capacity in such areas as Muslim studies. A professor of French, Elizabeth Goldsmith, was tapped in 2008 to become full-time director of academic affairs for all BU education abroad programs, and BU also has created a new position of director of language programs. 

Full Semesters and Internships Overseas

Most BU students who study abroad go for a full semester. Open Doors 2008 ranked BU fourth among doctoral institutions in that category. More than 40 percent of undergraduates study abroad and Brown is aiming for 50 percent at an institution that once was primarily a commuter college. Internships are a signature of BU education abroad. With 4,000 active internship sources worldwide, the Division of International Programs boasts that it can personalize placements in fields ranging from the arts and journalism to business and psychology. Faculty love this. “If the students know there is a study abroad program, that draws them in like a vacuum cleaner,” said James Iffland, a professor of Spanish. He credits Urbain “Ben” De Winter, associate provost and head of the Division of International Programs, with being “an absolute dynamo” in developing opportunities for study and internships abroad. Eugenio Menegon, a professor of Chinese history, said, “If you find the right opportunity and provide just a little bit of faculty support, it’s amazing what the students can do. They take off.” 

Stepping Into ‘This Engaging World’

One signpost of BU’s passion for global education is that international relations is the largest major in the College of Arts and Sciences, drawing 1,100 of the 16,000 undergraduates. The international relations faculty includes former ambassadors, Foreign Service and military officers, as well as scholar Husain Haqqani, now on leave as Pakistan’s ambassador to the United States. Erik Goldstein, the department chair, said the curriculum “offers a special blend of the academic and the practical applications of international affairs,” with more courses on intelligence and security issues than any university outside the war colleges, as well as dozens on the environment and development. 

“It is a department that really values teaching and understands we have a strong obligation to our students,” said William Grimes, associate chair of international relations and director of a new Center for the Study of Asia. The Asia center “gives us a seat at the table when it comes to talking about how to expand our faculty and curriculum.”

The popularity of international relations is no surprise, said Brown. BU students chose a university “that is big and complicated and right in the middle of a city. The world looks interesting to them. They’ve already taken one step into this engaging world.”

Educating Engineers and Pre-Meds Abroad

A decade-long push to encourage engineering students to pursue part of their education in other countries has resulted in almost 20 percent of engineers spending a semester studying overseas. Most head to Technische Universität Dresden, where they can take engineering courses taught in English while also enrolling in German language and cultural classes. The Dresden model proved such a good fit that BU now sends engineers to universities in Tel Aviv, Israel, and Guadalajara, Mexico, as well. In all, 55 engineers studied abroad last year, said Associate Dean for Undergraduate Engineering Solomon Eisenberg. 

Science majors also study at the Dresden technical institute, taking organic chemistry in a class of 25 instead of 200 back in Boston. The Dresden science program recently branched out to Grenoble, France, where BU premeds can immerse themselves in French culture (although again, the science courses are taught in English). “The sophomore year is ideal for this. The later you wait, the harder it is,” said Mort Hoffman, an emeritus professor of chemistry who helped establish the partnership with the Dresden university. 

A Foothold in the Middle East

BU began offering postgraduate degrees for dentists in Dubai in July 2008, and the School of Medicine has explored opening a branch in the Middle East. Brown called the Dubai dental offerings part of “a grand experiment” to see which BU degrees can be offered at great distances. But he rules out trying to replicate its undergraduate program overseas. “BU is known as a very fine liberal arts general education with a diversity of majors at the undergraduate level overlaid with a really rich set of graduate programs. The question is, if you don’t replicate the graduate professional programs (and) the diversity of undergraduate programs, then is it BU?” asked Brown, former provost and engineering dean at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

The School of Public Health is spearheading a Global Health Initiative that engages faculty from many fields in efforts to reduce health disparities between wealthier and financially strapped countries. Even Robert Pinsky, former U.S. poet laureate, has participated in its symposia. Associate Dean Gerald Keusch, former director of the Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health, said, “If you believe as we do that global health touches on everything, then you need to connect across the whole of the university. Students have this great urge to do something meaningful. We’re playing into that.”

Jay Halfond, dean of Metropolitan College and Extended Education, who chairs the President’s Council for a Global University, said, “We’ve become very principled about how we choose to be involved internationally,” he said. BU looks for “true academic relationships and engagements that will enhance the reputation of the university,” not just business opportunities. Metropolitan College offers continuing education classes online and on military bases, as well as at a graduate center in Brussels, Belgium.

BU already has exchanges with Chinese universities in Shanghai and Beijing, and the provost and faculty members have paid exploratory visits to Indian institutions. Management professor Sushil Vachani said, “We’d like to be better known in those countries. The world’s center of gravity has shifted towards Asia.”

Weaving Education Abroad Into BU’s Fabric

Ben De Winter, associate provost for International Programs, has orchestrated the expansion of BU’s international activities since 1997. “My sense was that the greatest challenge here was to integrate study abroad into the fabric of the university, into the curriculum, to make it part and parcel of a BU education, not simply an experience that was somehow set apart,” said De Winter. He made the rounds of Boston University’s 17 schools and colleges, discussing with deans and faculty where their disciplines fit into an international context. Soon the College of Fine Arts was sending theater majors to the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts for a semester, while music students went to the Royal College of Music, and art students headed to Venice. The Dresden program for engineers was inaugurated in 2001. “I’ve never really felt that there were serious obstacles to what we wanted to do. The difference today is that there is so much more explicit support for  everything that is international,” said the Antwerp, Belgium-born professor.

De Winter and his International Programs staff recently moved out of a cramped townhouse into spacious quarters in a new building on the west end of campus. The busy International Students and Scholars Office (ISSO), which had been blocks apart, now is under the same roof, next door to the busy Center for English Language and Orientation Programs, where 1,600 students take intensive English instruction each year. Befitting a university with so many international students and scholars, the ISSO has doubled in size since 1998, in part to meet the additional reporting required after the September 11 attacks. “We have undergone enormous change and institutionalized reporting to such a degree that I’m not sure the students realize how complicated our systems really are,” said Director Jeanne Kelley. De Winter said of the post-9/11 period, “We got everybody involved. The ISSO was spearheading it, but the information technology group was essential, the registrar helped, the admissions office helped, the provost’s office was there.” 

Brown, who in 2005 became BU’s 10th president, is a Texas-born chemical engineer who was deeply involved in MIT’s global education efforts during a long career at that campus on the other bank of the Charles River. Brown was instrumental in forging the Singapore-MIT Alliance and still chairs a scientific advisory board for the island nation, which made him an honorary citizen in 2006. 

Now, expanding BU’s international reach is “a major part of what we’re doing,” said Brown. “Long before I arrived Boston University had a great connectivity to the world through international programs and as a destination for international students. What our strategic planning exercise did was roll that up and get the community to declare that this is one of the core competencies of the university.” 

Difficult economic times pose fresh challenges, but that will not deter BU from pursuing this international course, said Brown. “If you really have a set of priorities, you can’t let economics hold you back. Now, does it slow you down a bit? Yes, but it does not hold you back.
 

Steven Belluscio, associate professor of English at Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC), came back from a Salzburg Global Seminar in summer 2005 fired up about spreading the message to other faculty about the importance of infusing international content into the curriculum. It was a natural fit for the sole community college in the borough of Manhattan and one of the larger components of the City University of New York (CUNY). The college, anchored in a four-block-long waterfront building shaped like a ship on 4-1/4 acres in lower Manhattan, enrolls more than 1,500 international students, placing it seventh among community colleges in the 2009 Open Doors report. Eighty-five percent of its 21,000 students are minorities, and it is one of the nation’s leading producers of African American, Hispanic, and Asian Americans with associate degrees.

Located blocks from the World Trade Center— debris from the collapse of 7 World Trade Center in the September 11, 2001, attacks caused irreparable damage to a large commercial building that had been donated to BMCC for a major expansion—the college sits near the canyons of Wall Street and is surrounded by the pricey condominiums and chic shops of Tribeca. Most BMCC students live elsewhere and commute on the 14 subway lines and buses, ferries, PATH rail, and other transit that converge in lower Manhattan. While 62 percent of students are enrolled full-time, many are holding down jobs and raising families in a city often called the capital of the world. They have seen how events on the other side of the globe can dramatically affect their city and their lives. The college’s 2008 strategic plan, “A Bridge to the Future,” stated the challenge:

The new millennium has ushered in a new world characterized by globalization and increasing cultural interaction. It is therefore imperative that the college develop students who are intellectually prepared to engage other cultures and understand the differing perspectives they offer. Our society is a global one, and our students must be able to work and interact effectively with people from diverse cultures Belluscio was among nearly 50 BMCC faculty and administrators the college sent to the Salzburg Global Seminar between 2004 and 2009. It sent more than 70 students as well to Austria to learn more about globalization and discover how other U.S. institutions were helping their students prepare for this shared future. Five other community colleges participated in the seminar that Belluscio, nine fellow faculty, and an administrator attended. “It was an intensive week,” said the English professor, who has taught literature and writing courses at BMCC since 2004. “It made us think realistically about what we should try to accomplish at BMCC with what we learned at the Salzburg Seminar. The one thing that kept coming up is the idea of best practices: How do we take all this lofty theory about internationalizing the curriculum and practically apply it to what we do at BMCC?”

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Global Pedagogy Handbook

A college committee on which Belluscio served set out to determine to what extent students were already being exposed to international issues in existing BMCC courses and to find ways to enrich that content. “We decided to put together a collection of potential lesson plans that we’d make available to all faculty in a handbook,” said Belluscio. They dispatched liaisons to attend faculty meetings in each department and solicit two-page lesson plans. The committee sifted through numerous contributions and settled on 35 lesson plans from a dozen of the 19 BMCC departments, then compiled them into a Global Pedagogy Handbook that was distributed electronically to the entire faculty in 2007.

The lesson plans covered courses from business management to mathematics to nursing to speech, communications, and theater. A math professor taught trigonometry students the evolution of the square root symbol from ancient Egypt to fifteenth century Germany and France, where it took the form used today. A nursing professor assigned advanced students the task of formulating a global strategy to combat tuberculosis. An English as a Second language instructor assigned essays on sub-Saharan Africa in an intensive writing class.

In a preface, the faculty committee said its purpose was “to demonstrate that bringing a global perspective to the courses we teach need not thoroughly disrupt the structure, content, and methods we currently employ but, on the contrary, can be as simple as following the directions” in the handbook’s lesson plans.

BMCC administrators do not know for certain what impact the handbook has had on course content and pedagogical approaches. Belluscio said he knows it has resonated with colleagues in the English Department.

Bringing Salzburg to BMCC

But Dean for Academic Programs and Instruction Erwin J. Wong believes the push is rippling through the faculty, especially among those who participated in the Salzburg Global Seminar. One such veteran, assistant professor of history Alex D’Erizans, introduced a global history course in fall 2010. “It’s primarily a grassroots effort. Those initially touched by Salzburg have become the major spokespeople,” Wong said. BMCC, for financial reasons, was unable to send faculty to the Salzburg seminar in 2010.

In its stead Wong is looking at how to incorporate global themes in the faculty development programs that BMCC faculty attend in New York. “If you can’t go to Salzburg, maybe you can bring the idea of Salzburg to the college,” he said.

Students’ Stake in Education Abroad

BMCC offers students several education abroad opportunities, including faculty-led summer courses in Ghana, Italy, Spain, France, Costa Rica, and China. Only a few dozen students sign up and go abroad, and courses in some of these countries are only offered in alternate years. BMCC students can participate in a CUNY exchange with the University of Paris.

But every student at BMCC has a stake in education abroad. Back in the early 1980s, students, by referendum, approved earmarking a portion of their student activity fee to subsidize education abroad. Each year a small portion of the $43.85-per-semester student activity fee generates $93,000 in revenues for education abroad scholarships. Those scholarships defray roughly 60 percent of the cost of the BMCC education abroad programs; everyone who goes benefits from this. The students’ remaining costs are reduced further if they qualify for Study-Travel Opportunities for CUNY Students (STOCS) grants. Those scholarships range from $1,000 to $1,650 and are awarded by need and by the program’s benefit to students’ studies and career plans.

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Michael Giammarella, a professor in the Student Life Department who coordinates education abroad and leads students to Italy each summer, said five of the dozen students who studied in Italy in summer 2010 received a STOCS grant. Giammarella said the education abroad program at BMCC accomplishes a great deal with limited resources. The lure of the summer offerings is that these courses run from two to four weeks, Most students take classes full-time; the median age is 22. a length of time that “is manageable” even for students’ working full-time jobs, he added.

Dean Wong believes that if BMCC somehow could subsidize the full costs of education abroad, “my guess would be that you’d have thousands of students’ applying.”

Many Expanding Horizons

BMCC’s horizons are growing as are enrollments at all six of CUNY’s community colleges, which now account for 85,000 of the system’s quarter-million students. CUNY plans to open a seventh community college in 2012. BMCC has been squeezed for space almost since it opened in 1964 on two floors of a commercial building in midtown; temporary trailers that line the old West Side Drive attest to the cramped conditions inside the main Chambers Street building.

But that will change dramatically in 2012 when the BMCC opens the new, 14-story Fiterman Hall after a $325 million remodeling and reconstruction. It will give the college 50 percent more space and room to enroll more students, both New Yorkers and international students. Wong and faculty leaders are determined that international education will be a growing part of the college’s future, too.

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Borough of Manhattan Community College

Read more about Borough of Manhattan Community College

Few campuses provide a view more dramatic than the panorama of the Pacific Ocean, the Golden Gate Bridge, and the San Francisco skyline afforded by the hilltop, upper campus of the University of San Francisco. Students who come to this Jesuit university can expect to be pushed hard to venture into far less privileged precincts, as near as the streets downtown where San Francisco’s homeless dwell or as far as remote hamlets in Malawi and Guatemala. Sitting in his office atop the Lone Mountain campus, President Stephen Privett, S.J., said, “For us…the global perspective is the realization that about 70 percent of the world lives in dire poverty. I always tell the kids that one person in 100 has a college education, so they’re 1 percent of the world. The ethical question for higher education, whether Catholic, private, public, for profit, not for profit, is: What are you doing for the 99 percent?”

USF became San Francisco’s first college in 1855, when Italian Jesuits opened St. Ignatius Academy after the gold rush. They were following the example of Saint Ignatius Loyola, the sixteenth century founder of the Society of Jesus. In San Francisco the Jesuits educated generations of sons and, later, daughters of immigrants. That heritage endures although today the roster of names is more diverse: not only O’Briens and Giordanos, but Nguyens, Aquinos, and Yangs. After USF’s buildings were destroyed in the 1906 earthquake and fire, classes were held in a drab building dubbed the Shirt Factory, but in 1927 it relocated to the verdant site near Golden Gate Park and expanded in 1978 by acquiring Lone Mountain College, a Catholic women’s school with Spanish Gothic architecture and those priceless views. Today USF enrolls 5,700 undergraduate and 3,500 graduate students in arts and sciences, business, law, nursing, and education. Nearly 10 percent are international students. Located in the city where the United Nations was born, USF set out a decade ago to become “internationally recognized as a premier Jesuit Catholic, urban university with a global perspective that educates leaders who will fashion a more humane and just world.”

USF, once a basketball power (the Dons won back-to-back NCAA basketball championships with Bill Russell and K.C. Jones in the 1950s), now wins recognition for its community service requirement. The 200,000-plus volunteer hours logged by 3,000 students each year has won laurels from the Corporation for National and Community Service.

International Studies the Second Largest Major

The university created an Office of International Student and Scholar Services seven years ago and later opened a Center for Global Education to encourage students to study abroad and pursue professional and service internships overseas. The international studies major launched four years ago quickly became the second largest field of study in the liberal arts. “Students are going crazy for this,” said Jennifer Turpin, the new provost and former dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. The major combines courses from the humanities, social sciences, arts and sciences; education abroad is strongly encouraged but not required. With new hires, USF has added programs in African studies, Middle East studies, and Asian studies. Turpin, a sociologist who studied the role of Russian media in the disintegration of the Soviet Union, said, “Year after year, as I’ve introduced the new faculty, people say it looks like the United Nations is walking in.”

Seniors Emily Saeger and Erica Ernst are two of those drawn to international studies. Saeger, from Washington, D.C., spent a summer teaching in Nicaragua and a semester interning for a nonprofit in Quito, Ecuador, on protecting the Amazon rainforest. Saeger, who double majored in Latin American studies, concentrated in environmental development and is considering a career in that arena. When Saeger enrolled she “didn’t realize how strong the whole social justice mission was at this school and I definitely didn’t imagine myself taking so much out of that. I’m not Catholic or very religious at all. But the thing I like the most about being in a Jesuit university is that commitment to social justice…. It’s felt and seen throughout the classes.”

Ernst went on a two-week USF service trip to Uganda, and then spent a semester studying and working with schoolchildren in the Francophone West African nation of Burkina Faso. She and other students studied digital photography, and then used their skills to make books in French for children about how to use the village library.

“The international studies major launched four years ago quickly became the second largest field of study in the liberal arts. Students are going crazy for this.”

The trip had its trepidations. “After three and one-half months in Burkina Faso, most of us got parasites, and two got malaria. That’s just the reality of going somewhere like that,” said Ernst. Her mother, a nurse back home in Bellevue, Washington, told her, “Just take the medicine. You’ll be fine.” Ernst was homesick at first and overwhelmed by classes taught only in French, but when she went to work in a village it was “almost living in a dream. It was just so beautiful, in the middle of nowhere with the sky and the green grass going on forever.”

Lois Lorentzen, a professor of social ethics in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies and codirector of the Center for Latino Studies in the Americas, has led students on service trips to Cambodia and South Africa. “We don’t send students to super dangerous places; we do semi-dangerous ones,” she said. Recently the university canceled a trip to Tijuana, Mexico, because of drug violence along the border.

A Scholarship for Study in Developing Countries

Education abroad is growing at USF, but remains at modest levels. Some 432 students studied abroad for credit in 2008–09. Sharon Li, director of the three-person Center for Global Education, said students can choose from more than 50 USFsponsored programs that allow them to apply their financial aid toward the expenses. Still, for students who may be working two jobs to pay tuition, education abroad remains a reach. “We’re struggling with that,” said Turpin.

USF awards Pedro Claver Scholarships (named for a seventeenth century Jesuit saint who ministered to slaves in Cartagena, Colombia) covering half the cost of tuition for those who study in countries such as Zambia and Nicaragua where they will be engaged with the poor. “You can’t take it to Paris or Madrid or Rome or London,” said Privett.

Privett has joined students on service journeys to South Africa, India, and Uganda. He did refugee work in El Salvador and knew the six Jesuits at Universidad Centroamericana (UCA) murdered with their cook and her teenage daughter by the Salvadoran army during the 1989 civil war. He later headed a social justice institute at Santa Clara University, where he was provost before becoming USF president in 2000.

Exposing Deans and Students to Poverty

Privett has taken deans and trustees on retreats to El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Mexico. Judith Karshmer, dean of the School of Nursing, said, “I’ve been on countless university presidential retreats and the topics have always been capital campaign, more students, how to integrate core curriculum. This presidential retreat was ‘Let’s go to the second poorest country in the Western Hemisphere so we can understand our jobs at San Francisco from a global perspective.” They met with subsistence farmers and children living in a dump.

Professor of Nursing Linda Walsh takes students to Guatemala to deliver prenatal care in Mayan villages alongside “comadronas”—traditional midwives who are also priestess-like figures. The students visit homes to conduct prenatal exams and provide vitamins and antibiotics. They encourage the comadronas to change gloves and wash hands frequently, but also say they learn much from these unschooled midwives. “They put their hands on the woman’s belly and they can just feel if the head is up or down and where the baby’s back is,” said senior Juliet Huntington.

“We’re helping them bring some Western teaching strategies and international standards for nursing practice without harming the Eastern approach to healthcare, which combines mind, body, and spirit.”

“Back home in San Francisco you push a button on a machine and get a result, whereas in Guatemala you have to use your hands, your eyes, your senses, and your knowledge to get results,” said Molly Zeldner. “That’s the root of what nursing is; it’s not about machines.”

The School of Nursing also has forged a partnership with two nursing schools in Hanoi, Vietnam, and is hoping to launch a master’s degree program there. Vietnamese nurses are taught under the USF curriculum for five semesters in Hanoi, then finish the degree with a sixth semester in San Francisco.

“We’re helping them bring some Western teaching strategies and international standards for nursing practice without harming the Eastern approach to healthcare, which combines mind, body, and spirit,” said Greg Crow, a USF alumnus and adjunct professor who spearheads the Vietnam Nurse Project. Associate Professor Gregory A. DeBourgh has made numerous trips to Vietnam with Crow to advance the partnership.

International Experiences for Law, Architecture Students

The School of Law, which has a Center for Law and Global Justice, has been in the vanguard of USF internationalization efforts. Students do human rights work with professors such as Dolores Donovan in Cambodia, Haiti, and elsewhere.

Dean Jeffrey Brand is Jewish, but twice has given talks from the pulpit in St. Ignatius Church at graduation masses. “My mother would have been shocked,” he said, but the Jesuit values and mission “speak to things that I believe in and that legal education should be about: academic rigor and excellence…and service to the poor and marginalized.” Donovan, who is Catholic, said, “The school does act on the values that I was taught as a child…. It melds nicely with my own commitment to international social justice.”

Seth Wachtel, director of the Architecture and Community Design Program, teaches a senior design studio course that gives students opportunities to design and construct projects for impoverished communities locally and far afield. His students have built a library in Zambia and constructed a community center in Nicaragua. “All the projects have either a social justice foundation element to them, or environmental justice, or historical preservation” or all three, he said.

Looking Toward Asia

Mike Duffy, dean of the School of Business and Professional Studies, has positioned his school as a source of expertise for Chinese companies with U.S. operations. He’s considering creating a special bilingual MBA program that would combine instruction in English and Mandarin, taught by such faculty as Associate Professor Xiaohua Yang, a Shanghai native. The business school, which enrolls nearly a third of USF students, in 2009 launched a joint master’s degree program in Global Entrepreneurship Management with Jesuit universities in Barcelona and Taipei. The first multinational cohort of 32 students spent four months in classes in Spain, four months in Taiwan, and four months in California.

International enrollments at USF began climbing after the university opened a recruiting office in Bangkok, Thailand, in 2003. That office now is relocating to Beijing. “China has become our No. 1 sending country,” said Lisa Kosiewicz, director of the Office of International Student and Scholar Services. In 2006 there were 60 students from China. In 2009 there were 273.

Recipe for Jesuit Education

Another challenge for Jesuit universities is how to maintain their religious character as the number of Jesuits on the faculty dwindles. Privett says 15 Jesuits now work at USF, down from as many as 40 three decades ago. (Another dozen Jesuits live in the university’s Jesuit community, but work elsewhere). Privett is confident USF will lose neither its mission nor identity.

“There’ll be fewer Jesuits, but you do not need to be a Jesuit to deliver a Jesuit education. You do need the vision, the value, and the core insights,” he said. “I tell kids it’s like Mexican food. If you have the recipe and the right ingredients, you get the product.”

“It’s an exciting time and the future is even more exciting as we look at different possibilities to making USF a truly international institution,” said Vice Provost Gerardo Marin. “We want to educate students to change the world.”

Two dozen young scholars visiting the United States on Fulbright exchanges were in the middle of an afternoon of workshops at Northeastern University in Boston when President Joseph Aoun dropped by to offer greetings and a short lesson on U.S. higher education. The linguistics scholar called it “the only truly open system in the world.” When there is a faculty opening, no one checks where the applicants’ passports are from, he said. Instead, “we seek the best brains wherever they are.” Public and private universities compete fiercely for faculty, students, and research grants; promotion is based on merit; and professors share in profits from their inventions. The government provides support but does not dictate what or how colleges and universities teach. “We don’t believe in onesize-fits-all,” Aoun said. India and other countries in Asia and Latin America are looking to adapt this model and open up their systems of higher education, Aoun said. “It’s going to happen. Competition is going to intensify at the worldwide level,” he predicted, then added with a smile, “That’s why you’re here. You’re making our life more difficult.”

The Fulbrighters laughed and applauded, appreciating that their host was a personification of how the U.S. system works. Born in Beirut, Labanon, Aoun was educated there, in Paris, and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he earned a PhD in linguistics and philosophy. He was a professor and dean at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles before returning to Boston in 2006 to become the seventh president of Northeastern University.

Northeastern, a private research university in the heart of Boston, is a recognized leader in experiential or cooperative education. The tradition started in 1909, a decade after the university’s founding, when four engineering students rode trolleys after class to part-time jobs around the city. Today, thousands of Northeastern students alternate semesters in the classroom with sixmonth stints in the working world. Those jobs, once confined to Boston, now take them from coast to coast and, increasingly, to London, Paris, Singapore, and beyond. Aoun created a Presidential Global Scholars initiative with a $1 million annual budget that awards students grants up to $6,000 to cover the added expense and, in some cases, lost income when they do co-ops abroad. Northeastern students typically earn $15,000 on co-ops in the United States—a far cry from the 10 cents an hour those four engineering students made a century ago. Many do two or three co-ops before graduation.

“Aoun wants to double the number of students’ choosing international co-ops and ‘give every student the opportunity to have an international experience.’”

So far only a small fraction—about 300—of the 6,000 co-ops that Northeastern students go on each year are international. The difficulty of securing visas and work permits means that some placements are unpaid internships or volunteer positions with charities.

Aoun wants to double the number of students’ choosing international co-ops and “give every student the opportunity to have an international experience.” Aoun expressed delight that at Northeastern he found a university with “a predisposition to embrace the world.” He quickly set in motion the drafting of a new strategic plan for “building a global university” and preparing students to become “engaged citizens of the world.”

Dialogue of Civilizations Propel Education Abroad

Northeastern’s education abroad programs are burgeoning. Nearly 1,700 students studied abroad for credit in 2009–10, a 240 percent increase from barely 700 in 2006–07, and the Office of International Study Programs under new Director William Hyndman III has expanded its staff.

Much of this growth is due to the rapid proliferation in recent years of Dialogue of Civilizations courses in which faculty lead cohorts of students to other countries for intensive courses over several weeks in the summer. The Dialogue courses were pioneered by Denis Sullivan, who directs the International Affairs Program as well as Northeastern’s Middle East Center for Peace, Culture, and Development. He first offered a Middle East studies course in Cairo more than a decade ago, borrowing the “Dialogue of Civilization” name from a term popularized by then-Iranian President Mohammad Khatami, who suggested it as a riposte to the late Harvard political scientist Samuel Huntington’s prediction of a “Clash of Civilizations.”

“Then the United Nations started using the term (Dialogue of Civilization). I thought, ‘That’s what I’m doing. I’m bringing students to Egypt to have a dialogue.’ I started calling my program the Dialogue of Civilizations,” recalled Sullivan. A handful of colleagues followed his example, teaching summer courses in China, Greece, and Mexico. In 2006 then-provost Ahmed Abdelal decided to allow students to apply tuition dollars to cover most of the costs. By summer 2010 some 960 undergraduates took 50 Dialogue programs taught in 37 countries by nearly five dozen faculty. Hyndman, the study abroad director, said for some it is less expensive to study overseas than to stay in Boston and take classes there. “They pay for their eight credits and maybe an additional fee of a few hundred dollars, but that’s it. It’s quite a good deal,” said Hyndman.

In five years at Northeastern, Denise Horn, an assistant professor of international affairs, has led students twice to both South Africa and Thailand and once to Brazil, Dominican Republic, India, and Indonesia either for Dialogue courses or for an international service-learning experience called the NU Global Corps. She teamed with Lori Gardinier, a lecturer and director of the human services program, on a course that took students to India for fall 2009 to work with the Deshpande Foundation on helping poor farmers improve their lives and livelihoods (the human services program is an interdisciplinary major that imparts the skills needed for political advocacy, community development, and social service, at home and abroad). In India, the Northeastern students purchased seeds and encouraged farmers to plant home gardens to feed their families. They also created a sewing workshop for women and taught English to preschoolers. “I had one goal and that was to get out in the world and see what I could find,” said junior Rosie Pagerey. “I consider myself a global citizen now."

“We have a lot of flexibility, a lot of resources, and a culture that’s academic but also business-minded, all of which enables us to move a little faster than other people.”

A New Home and New Interest in Languages

Northeastern moved most of its language classes in 2007 out of the Department of Modern Languages into a World Languages Center housed in the College of Professional Studies. That entrepreneurial college, which once catered primarily to evening and continuing education students, hired 25 new instructors to meet the increased demand from undergraduates. “This has been phenomenal for us,” said Dennis Cokely, chair of modern languages. “Five years ago, we had 800 students per semester studying seven languages. Today we have 13 languages and nearly 1,700 students.” The popularity of international business and international affairs majors also whets students’ appetites for languages. The center teaches 13 languages, including Arabic, Chinese, and Swahili.

Christopher Hopey, the outgoing vice president and dean of the College of Professional Studies, said, “We have a lot of flexibility, a lot of resources, and a culture that’s academic but also business-minded, all of which enables us to move a little faster than other people.” Hopey, recently named president of Merrimack College, retooled the College of Professional Studies in other ways, offering more courses online and off-site at partner institutions in Turkey and Australia. He started the successful NUIn program, which allows Northeastern to admit 200 additional freshmen each year who are sent to London or Thessalonica, Greece, for their first semester of classes. Northeastern forged a partnership with the education company Kaplan Inc. to bring hundreds of students from China and a dozen other countries to Boston and groom them for college-level work. Four hundred such students were enrolled in the Global Pathways program in 2009–10 plus 300 others in English as a Second Language courses.

Online MBAs

The College of Business Administration launched an online MBA in 2006 that now enrolls 1,000 overseas students each year. Typically these online students perform as well or better than those in regular MBA classes in Boston, said Dean Tom Moore, who created the program in response to a request from IBM, which sought to retain promising managers in India by offering them a route to the professional degree.

Many of the business school’s top undergraduates gravitate toward an international business major that requires six months of classes abroad followed by a six-month co-op in the same country. “They are quite cosmopolitan by the time they return,” the dean said. Northeastern also receives 100 exchange students from partner business programs in Europe and Mexico, which “helps internationalize our campus here,” he said.

Drawing International Students With Co-Ops and Carnevale

International enrollments at Northeastern surged in recent years to 3,313 in fall 2009, with students from China and India accounting for almost half. Scott Quint, then-associate dean for International Student and Scholar Services and Intercultural Programs, said many are drawn to business and computer science and to the School of Allied Health Professions. The city of Boston is a big draw; so are the opportunities to do coops, said Quint. The 12-member International Student and Scholar Institute (ISSI) includes a full-time specialist who works to arrange co-ops for international students.

Quint, who stepped down last April after more than a quarter century working with the university’s international students, was also the impresario of Northeastern’s Carnevale, a twomonth-long international festival of music, art, dance, poetry, lectures, food, song, and fashion. It started in 1996 with one event: an ice-carving contest. International students are still carving Shinto shrines and icons such as the Sydney Opera House from ice with chainsaws each winter, but that is only one of the host of attractions. There were 48 events over eight weeks last February and March.

Twin Cities on a Global Scale

Northeastern’s expanding international profile also can be glimpsed in the creation of a World Class Cities Partnership by the School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, which is building ties among municipal, business, and cultural leaders from 10 cities that girdle the globe from Boston to Barcelona to Haifa to Hangzhou to Kyoto to Vancouver. None of these cities is their country’s largest or the capital, but many are on the cutting edge of technology and culture, said Dean Barry Bluestone.

Bluestone sees this global partnership as emblematic of the “incredible trajectory” that Northeastern has been on since weathering a financial crisis that forced it to downsize in the early 1990s. “It’s cutting its own wake, really figuring out new ways of engaging with the community and developing extraordinary new international programs,” he said. “There’s a sense of academic entrepreneurship here: ‘Let’s try something new. Let’s see if it works. Let’s put some real effort into it and see what we can build.’”

Next Steps on the International Journey

Robert Lowndes, vice provost for International Affairs, said the pace of Northeastern’s internationalization has accelerated since the adoption of the new academic plan in 2007. “We’re getting more people out into the world,” said Lowndes, a physicist. Just as Northeastern built an infrastructure that includes more than 60 cooperative counselors and coordinators that makes it possible for 90 percent of undergraduates to gain that work experience, the university now is building the capacity to deliver on the 2007 academic plan’s goal of seeing that all students gain international experience. This will become Northeastern’s “second signature experiential effort,” Lowndes predicted.

The next step, said Aoun, is “to get more students to take advantage of the global opportunities” and to start thinking of Northeastern as an institution not confined to the physical campus in Boston. The president envisions some students’ spending two years in Singapore or Australia before coming to Boston, or starting on some other yet-to-be-built satellite campus. “What we are seeking to do is have students completely at ease with the world—and not only one part of the world,” said Aoun.